EVOLUTION OF THE FIELD

OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The

discipline of the
field of Public
Administration can be
divided into two
major phases.

EVOLUTION OF
PHILIPPINE PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

TWO MAJOR PHASES

The
traditional/classical
phase from the late
1800's to the 1950's
The modern phase
from the 1950's-

Modern Phase

The modern phase can be further

divided into the sub-following phases:
Development
Administration(1950's-1960), New
Public Administration(1970's), New
Public Management(1980's-1990's),
Reinventing Government(1990's),
PA as Governance(1990's-present)

TWO PHASE OF
EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
Indicative
Phase
Period
Traditional/Classical Public
Administration

1800's19500's

Modern Public Administration

1950's-present

Development Administration(1950's1960's)
New Public Administration (1970's)
New Public Management (1980's1990's)
PA as Governance (1990's-present)

TRADITIONAL/CLASSICAL
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

The institutionalization
of administrative
capacity for collective
purposes is the
foundation of public
administration.

TRADITIONAL/CLASSICAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

According to Caiden, the Genesis of Public

Administration must have had originated
from monarchial Europe where household
officials were divided into two groups:
1. In charge of public affairs
*administration of justice
*finance
*training of armies
2. The other is responsible for personal
services.

TRADITIONAL/CLASSICAL
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
Woodrow Wilson's The Study of
Public Administration
It was in that essay that public
administration should be a selfconscious, professional field.
Wilson suggested the distinction
between politics and
administration.

TRADITIONAL/CLASSICAL
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
Administration should be
politics-free and that the
field of administration is the
field of business thus,
establishing what became
known as the politicsadministration dichotomy

TRADITIONAL/CLASSICAL
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
Introduction to the Study of
Public Administration by
Leonard D. White
One of his assumptions was that
administration is still an art. He,
however, recognized the ideal of
transforming it into a science.

TRADITIONAL/CLASSICAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

According to Frederickson, the

classic public administration sought
only to answer inquiries on
efficiency and effectiveness like:
How can the gov't offer better
services with available
resources(efficiency) or how can we
maintain our level of services while
spending less money(economy)?

MODERN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
1. DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATION(DA)
-the term was used to suggest that
it may be an appropriate framework to
examine the State's experience as it
tries to rebuild its institutions within a
democratic framework, as it struggles
to new economic, political and social
challenges, and as it adapts to the
trends and demands of globalization.

MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

2. NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

-Frederickson argued that
disparities existed because PA
focused less on social purposes or
values of gov't policies and
programs and more on the
economy and efficiency of
execution.

MODERN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
-The value-free and neutral stance of
traditional PA has alienated the less
privileged and deprived groups in the
society.
-New PA's proponents advocated that
public administrators should not be
neutral; they should be committed to both
good management and social equity as
values to be achieved.

MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

2. NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

-The theme of new public administration
is change and the challenge is for the
public administrators is thier capacity to
accept the challenge. New PA created
the need to stimulate change: meeting
the needs of the society through the
gov'ts development programs and
projects, and addressing social equity
and justice.

MODERN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
3. New Public Management
-Was practiced by European countries in
the late 1970 and 1980
-The term was coined by by Christopher
Hood in his 1991 article entitled A
Public Management For All Seasons
-Osborne and Gaebler's concept of NPM
was sparked by the use of business model
prescriptions for gov't

MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

4. PA as Governance
-The term governance has been used to
refer to mostly to government, when
correctly used, governance really goes
beyond government.
-It involves the institutionalization of a
system through which citizens, institutions,
organizations and groups in a society
articulate their interests, exercise their
rights, and mediate their differences in
pursuit of the collective good.

MODERN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
4. PA as Governance
-Governance promotes the virtues of
decentralization, participation,
responsiveness, and accountability
among others.
-Kofi Annan concluded that good
governance is perhaps the single most
important factor in eradicating poverty
and promoting development.

MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

4. PA as Governance
-Elements of good governance:
a. Accountability-making
public officials answerable for
government behavior and
responsive to the entity from
which they derive authority.

MODERN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
4. PA as Governance
-Elements of good governance:
b.Participation- refers to
enhancing people's access to
influence on public policy
processes.

MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PA as Governance

-Elements of good governance:

c. Predictability- refers to the
existence of laws, regulations and
policies to regulate societies and
the fair and consistent application
of these.

MODERN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

PA as Governance

-Elements of good governance:

d. Transparency- refers to the
availability of information to the
general public and clear
government rules, regulations, and
decisions.

PREPARED BY:
GROUP ONE