ZIKA VIRUS

Colette Fong Jiin Yann

Victor Ngo Jia Tong
Ang Shu Yin
Group 86

Zika Virus
Single stranded RNA Virus
Genus Flavivirus, Family Flaviviridae
Closely related to dengue, yellow fever, Japanese
encephalitis and West Nile viruses
Transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes
(Stegomyia) species mosquitoes

Aedes Mosquitoes
Aedes species mosquitoes
Ae aegypti
Ae albopictus
Also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses
Lay eggs in domestic water-holding containers
Live in and around households
Aggressive daytime biters

Aedes aegypti

Ae albopictus

Latest update 29 feb 2016, affected areas

America, Oceania/Pacific Islands, Africa

http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/united-states.html

Transmission and risk

Through mosquito bites

Through blood transfusion
Through sexual contact
From mother to child

Epidemology
First isolated from a monkey in Uganda in 1947
Prior to 2007, only sporadic human disease
cases reported from Africa and southeast Asia
In 2007, first outbreak reported on Yap Island,
Federated States of Micronesia
In 20132014, >28,000 suspected cases
reported from French Polynesia*

 In May 2015, the first locally-acquired cases in

the Americas were reported in Brazil
Currently, outbreaks are occurring in many
countries or territories in the Americas,
including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and
the U.S. Virgin Islands

Zika virus disease in the United States, 20152016

US States
Travel-associated Zika virus disease cases
reported: 153
Locally acquired vector-borne cases reported: 0
US Territories
Travel-associated cases reported: 1
Locally acquired cases reported:107
Lastest update from CDC 2 march 2016

Zika Virus Incidence and Attack Rates

Infection rate: 73%

Symptomatic attack rate among infected: 18%
All age groups affected
Adults more likely to present for medical care
No severe disease, hospitalizations, or deaths

Note: Rates based on serosurvey on Yap Island, 2007

(population 7,391) Duffy M. N Engl J Med 2009

Zika Virus and Microcephaly in Brazil

Reports of a substantial increase in number of
babies born with microcephaly in 2015 in Brazil;
true baseline unknown Zika virus infection
identified in several infants born with
microcephaly (including deaths) and in early
fetal losses Some of the infants with
microcephaly have tested negative for Zika virus
Incidence of microcephaly among fetuses with
congenital Zika infection is unknown

Rates of Microcephaly Over Time: the

Americas and the Caribbean

Treatment
There is no vaccine to prevent or specific medicine to treat Zika
infections.
Treat the symptoms:

Get plenty of rest.

Drink fluids to prevent dehydration.
Take medicine such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve fever and pain.
Do not take aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
If you are taking medicine for another medical condition, talk to your
healthcare provider before taking additional medication.

If you have Zika, prevent mosqitoes bite for the first week of your illness.
During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in the blood and
passed from an infected person to a mosquito through mosquito bites.
An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other people.

Reference
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/symptoms/index.html
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en /
https://www.google.ru/search?
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