Environmental Engineering - I

by Muhammad Farhan Arooj

BSc. Civil Engineering, UET Lahore - 2001
MS. Civil & Environmental Engineering, KAIST, South Korea - 2004
Editor Water Research, Top 25 Research Topics in the World, Exposure of more than
400 wastewater treatment plants and Solid Waste Management Projects in the World.

Course Aim
Develop the students knowledge of

Concept of Environmental Pollution,

Contamination and Sources.

To design and Implementation of Water

Supply Schemes.

Outcome

Upon successful completion of the course, the

student should be able to comprehend :

Public Health Aspect of Water Supply

Water Supply Design

Water Quality Monitoring and Sampling

Water Treatment Technologies

TENTATIVE COURSE CONTENT

Water Pollution
Water Demand and Supply
Water Quality
Water Sampling & Testing
Water Treatment
Miscellaneous Water Treatment Techniques
Water Distribution.

Conduct of Course
2 + 1 credit hours course
Theory 2 credit hours

Quizzes

Projects / Assignments

2 x Mid term exam

End of Semester Exam

10 %
10 %
30 %
50 %

Practical 1 credit hour

Lab work

60 %

Final Viva

40 %

WARNINGS !!!

Study in groups but submit work on your own

No copying of project / assignments

Severe penalty in case someone found cheating

No make up quizzes or projects / assignments

At least 80 % attendance is mandatory to appear in the exam

Fundamental course in Civil Engineering

Good class conduct and is very important to understand this

course

Recommended Books:

Water Supply & Sewerage by Terence J. Mc Ghee 6 th Edition

Water Supply & Sanitary Engineering by Rangwala, 25th

Edition

Introduction to Environmental Engineering by Makanzie L.

Davis, David A. Cornwell

Module 1
Introduction to Environmental
Engineering

6th Semester
Environmental Engineering -1
By Muhammad Farhan Arooj

Introduction to Environmental
Engineering
Environmental Engineering

It is the application of engineering principles towards the protection and

enhancement of the quality of environment and also towards the protection and
enhancement of public health and welfare.

Environment

In the simplest words environment is every thing that surrounds man. It includes
air, water, soil, plants and animal life.

Worth Of Environmental Engineering

Design and construction of water supply and sewerage

Design and construction of water and waste water treatment plants
Solid waste management
Air pollution control
Noise pollution control
Industrial pollution control

Sources of Environmental
Pollution
Pollution
Any condition or substance resulting from human or natural
activity that adversely effect the quality of environment is
called pollution.
Examples
- Human Activity
Production and disposal of untreated waste water into water
bodies
- Natural Activity
Volcanic eruption result in disbursement of dust particles, So 2
etc which effect environment.

Major Sources of Environmental

Pollution
1) Municipal source

Domestic Sewage
Solid Waste

2) Industrial source

Heavy Metals
Acid & Alkalies
Cooling Waters
Organic Compounds

3) Agriculture source

Excessive use of Fertilizer

Excessive use of Pesticide

Pollution & Its Effect

Pollution of Water

Pollution of Air

Pollution of Land

Introduction to Air
Pollution
Definition
It refer to substances present in atmosphere in concentrations, high
enough to harm humans, animals, plants or other materials
Sources
1. Natural: e.g. smoke from forest fires caused by lightening, volcanic
eruption etc.
2. Anthropogenic: industry, power generation, vehicular emissions,
agriculture, burning of solid waste etc
Rapid urbanization with the associated growth is industry and vehicle
use has increased the problems of air pollution.
Major Air Pollutants
Include:suspended particulate matter CO, SO 2, NOx lead and other
heavy metals, VOC(Volatile organic compounds e.g. small amount of
unburnt fuel from automobile exhaust).

Major Sources of Air

Pollution

Motor Vehicles

Miscellaneous Industry

Municipal Solid Waste

Agriculture

Effects of Air Pollution

Short term exposure may result in
Eye irritation
Inflammation of respiratory tract
Suppression of immune system etc.
Long term exposure to toxic air pollutants may
cause
Cancer, asthama, respiratory infection etc.
Air pollution may result in acidification of lakes,
reduction in crop yield affect plant growth.

NEQs of Air Pollution

What NEQS Say About Air Pollution

According to NEQS, for motor vehicular

exhaust smoke should not by more than
40% or 2 on Ringlemann scale. CO emission
standard is 4.5% for new and 6% for used
vehicles.

Noise
Noise

Sound is called noise when it becomes disagreeable or

loud, particularly when it results in physiological harm.

Measuring Units

Relative loudness is expressed numerically using the

decibel (db) scale or a modified decibel scale called
decibel-A (dBA) which takes into account high pitched
sounds to which human ear is more sensitive.

Effects of Noise
In addition to hearing loss, noise produces a number of
physiological effects in the body and physiological
stresses.
Physiological stresses are
Increase in heart beat
Dilates the pupils
Cause muscle contraction
Permanent constriction of blood vessels(due to long
exposure resulting in blood pressure)
Migraine headaches, nausea, dizziness
Gastric ulcers

Sources of Noise & Control

Measure

Road traffic noise

Air traffic noise

Neighborhood noise

Rail traffic noise

Occupational noise