High Speed Circuit Switched

Data
CHAPTER 14

NOKIA

BSSPAR /11 .2006 V3

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NOKIA

BSSPAR /11 .2006 V3

Module Objectives
Give an overview about data rates and services provided by channel coding
and HSCSD
Explain, how HSCSD effects radio resource administration, radio resource
management, measurement processing, power control and handover
Discuss how the cell load and channel rate effects multi slot allocation,
resource upgrade and downgrade
Demonstrate the role of signal quality for power control and link adaptation
of 14.4 K connections

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High Speed
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Switched
Data

HSCSD Services
(Data Rates)

Data rate speed up by channel coding

Classical GSM -> 9.6 K per channel
Modified coding
-> up to 14.4 K per channel, but weaker error correction
-> worse user performance with same frame related signal quality
Data rate speed up by HSCSD
Up to 4 TCHs of a TRX allocated to one user
Classical GSM -> up to 38.4 K
Modified coding
-> up to 57.6 K
A interface
-> always 64 K

NOKIA

BSSPAR /11 .2006 V3

HSCSD Services
(Radio Interface)

High Speed
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Switched
Data
Symmetric / asymmetric
Symmetric
Asymmetric

-> equal number of TCHs allocated for uplink and downlink

-> more TCHs allocated for downlink (usual case) than for uplink

Unidirectional / bi-directional TCHs

Uni-directional
Bi-directional

-> active in one direction (usually downlink) only

-> active in both directions

MS types
Type 1
Type 2

->
->
->
->

Needs time to switch between different operation modes

Allocation of consecutive TCHs required
Can switch fast between different operation modes
Allocation of non consecutive TCHs possible

Type 1

Type 2

MS RX

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1

MS TX

5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Monitor
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Rx

1
Tx

High Speed
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HSCSD Services
(Service Classes)

Service classes
Synchronous / asynchronous
Transparent / non transparent
Transparent

Non transparent

Only forward error correction

Fixes data rate
Only bi-directional TCHs

Also backward error correction

Variable data rate
Also unidirectional TCHs

NOKIA

BSSPAR /11 .2006 V3

High Speed
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Data

Feature Modification
(Radio Resource Administration)

FACCH call set up

Only one TCH can be allocated
-> transparent connection requiring several
TCHs not
supported
-> non transparent connection requiring several
TCHs by
resource upgrade
Frequency hopping
All TCHs of HSCSD connection hop according same sequence
All TCHs taken from same TRX
Extended cell
Separate HSCSD load control for normal and extended area

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High Speed
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Data

Feature Modification
(TCH Allocation)

Load dependent scheme for TRXs

Low traffic
-> cyclic allocation
High traffic
-> consecutive time slots are kept free
cellLoadForChannelSearch
0..100 %
0 = use global limit
1..100 = use individual cell limit
loadRateForChannelSearch
0..100 %
same limit for all cells controlled by
BSC
Role of coding scheme (example)
14.4 Kbit/s required, 14.4 K coding supported
14.4 Kbit/s required, only 9.6 K coding
TRX 1 BC

TRX 1 BC

TRX 2

TRX 2

TRX 3

TRX 3

CH

CH

cellLoadForChannelSearch = 100
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BSSPAR /11 .2006 V3

-> one TCH

-> two TCHs

cellLoadForChannelSearch = 50

Feature Modification
(Queuing, DR, Trunk Reservation)

High Speed
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Data

Queuing
Only for non transparent connection
Only one TCH can be queued
Directed Retry
Target cell evaluation as usual
Lack of resources in target cell -> call is cleared
Stochastic TCH allocation
Transparent connection
= number of
Non transparent connection

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-> modified threshold freeTchLimit - T + 1 (T

TCHs required for connection)
-> starts with one TCH

Feature Modification
(Measurements, Power Control, HO)

High Speed
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Measurements
Receive level and quality monitored for each TCH individually
TCH with worst quality is reported
Power control
Performed for each bi-directional TCH
Interrupted during link adaptation
Handover
Can be triggered by each bi-directional TCH
All TCHs handed over simultaneously
Not possible during link adaptation
Traffic reason handover
-> only single slot connection
IUO handover to super reuse layer
-> all TCHs must match C/I requirements

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Load Control
(Multi Slot Allocation)

High Speed
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Data

Parameter
upperLimitCellLoadHSCSD
0..100 %
maximum total load for which no
restriction
minHSCSDCapacityCell
0..100 %
minimum load offered to HSCSD
calls
lowerLimitCellLoadHSCSD
0..100 %
load for which multi slot allocation
is possible
upperLimitCellLoadHSCSD OR minHSCSDCapacity Cellagain after congestion
situationexceeded
load below lowerLimitCellLoadHSCSD again
-> multislot allocation and resource upgrade allowed
upperLimitCellLoadHSCSD OR minHSCSDCapacity Cell
exceeded
load not yet below lowerLimitCellLoadHSCSD
Load
-> multislot allocation and resource upgrades denied
-> no downgrade
UpperLimitCellLoadHSCSD
Total Cell Load
HSCSD
Load

NOKIA

upperLimitCellLoadHSCSD AND minHSCSDCapacityCell

exceeded
-> multi slot allocation and resource upgrades denied
-> downgrade of one existing HSCSD call for every incoming
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LowerLimitCellLoadHSCSD
MinHSCSDcapacity
Time

High Speed
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Data

Load Control
(Resource Upgrade)

Load control
Same parameters and rules as for multi slot allocation
IUO regular layer
-> no upgrade
IUO super reuse layer
-> same parameters and rules as for normal network
Timing
upgradeGuardTimeHSCSD 0..65535 s
upgradeGainHSCSD

0,33,55,100 %

Events initiating upgrade

TCH becomes idle
Guard timer expires
Channel rate has been reduced
Priorities
TCHs in queue
TCHs in HSCSD call territory
Upgrade
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0 = upgrade disabled
1..65535 minimum time between consecutive upgrades
timer is ignored in case of sufficient data rate gain

High Speed
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Load Control
(Resource Downgrade)

Timing
downgradeGuardTimeHSCSD

0..65535 s

0 = upgrade disabled
1..65535 minimum time between consecutive
upgrades

1..4

indicates, how much TCHs will be released

1 = always one TCH released
2 = downgrade 4 -> 2, 3 -> 2, 2 -> 1
3 = downgrade 4 - >2, 3 -> 1, 2 -> 1
4 = always only one TCH left

Downgrade schemes
minExhaustHSCSD

Events initiating downgrade

Congestion
Channel rate has been increased
User requirements have been decreased

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High Speed
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Automatic Link Adaptation

Parameter
pcLowerThresholdsQual144
powerLimitALA

0..7
0..30 dB

triggers either power increase or link adaptation

defines following limits

MS_ALA_PWR_LIMIT = msTxPwrMax - powerLimitALA for MS

BTS_ALA_PWR_LIMIT = bsTxPwrMax - powerLimitALA for BTS
minIntBetweenALA

0..30 s

enableALA

Y/N

minimum time between consecutive link

adaptations
enables / disables link adaptation

MS output power below MS_ALA_PWR_LIMIT AND

MS output power below MS_ALA_PWR_LIMIT A
BTS output power below BTS_ALA_PWR_LIMITBTS output power below BTS_ALA_PWR_LIMIT
-> power increase performed
AND 12 K channel coding
Otherwise
-> link adaptation performed
-> link adaptation performed
Otherwise
-> power decrease performed
RX Quality
pcUpperThresholdQualUL/DL
Px/Nx
pcLowerThresholdsQual144
14.5 kbit/s
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Px/Nx

12 kbit/s

14.5 kbit/s

pcLowerThresholdQualUL/DL
Time