Stress Management.

Definition of stress.
Stress is a general term to define
tense situation and reaction to them,
usually with a strong emotional
content(Gilmer,1984).
Stress can occur during an
examination, facing interview, a
cricket match, presentation, family
problem.

Causes of stress.
A)Birth trauma: Fear of darkness,falling,getting
suffocated, fear of unknown.
B) Dependency Syndrome
C)Frustration
D)Adaptation:-Certain situation force man to
stretch and summon up extra energy.
E)Biological Factors
1)Biological Rhythm

2)Nutrition.

3)Noise.

 Personality Factors
1)Self concept:-Self as a composite of all ideas,
perception and values. Magnifies stress .
2)Type A "Personality:-A man having this type of
personality is likely to reveal the following
characteristics:
An intense sense of time urgency.
A high order achievement motivation which,
however may be lacking in clarity of goals.
A tendency to get involved in multiple and
diverse type of task at the same time.

Organizational Stress.
Job stress or stress related to the workplace is a
condition arising from the interaction of people
and their jobs, characterized by changes within
people that force them to deviate from their
normal functioning.
A)The nature of the job:-frequent
transfers,travel,moral conflits,time pressure.
B)Job insecurity:Reorganisation,takeover,mergers,downsizing.
C)Interpersonal conflicts:-Poor communication,
interpersonal conflicts, unpleasant relationship

 D)Workplace or group culture:-Maladjustment to

the culture at the workplace can cause conflicts.
E)Performance demands:-Unrealistic expectation in
the form of increased workload, long working
hours.
F)Structural factors at the workplace:noice,heat,pollution, space,lighting,poor ventilation.
G)Role related factors:-Role ambiguity, role
conflicts.
H)Stress from others non-work areas such as
technology.

Classification of Stress

1.According to effect:Positive Stress:-Eustress

Negative Stress:-Distress
Indifference to stress neutral stress:Neustress

2.According to availability: Avoidable Stress

Non avoidable Stress

3.According to intensity: Life-threating Stress

Non life threatening stress
4.According to levels:-Extrinsic stress at
organizational level
Intrinsic Stress at individual level
5.According to emergence:-Source of
stress

Adjustment Stress
Adaptability Stress
Confusion Stress
Conviction Stress
Ego Stress
Situation Stress
Frustration Stress.

Management of stress
Individual Approaches:-According to this approach an
employee can take personal responsibility for reducing his
/her stress level. They are as follows: 1)Time management
2)Physical Exercise
3)Relaxing Techniques
4)Social Support:-games ,jokes or teasing.
5)Behavioral Self-control.The strategy involves the
individual controlling the situation instead of letting the
situation control them.
6.Cognitive Therapy. These strategies teach us to remain
positive and avoid negative, self defeating thoughts.

Organizational Approaches
1.Improved Personnel selection and job placement
2.Use of realistic goal setting.
3.Redesigning of jobs.
4.Increased employee involvement
5.Improved organizational communication.
6.Establishment of corporate wellness programs.:quit smoking, how to control alcohol, how to lose
weight etc.

Coping with stress

5 steps: 1.Avoidance
2.Evasion
3.Diversion
4.Preparation
5.Eustress response.

Skills for effective stress Management

Earning ones neighbors love and
respect
Developing a positive attitude with
an optimistic outlook.
Developing a sense of humor
Proper a management of time
Learning to be assertive.
Learning to understand ones own
emotions

Remedial measures to overcome

stress

Reducing Overload
Avoiding Frustration
Improving Adaptation
Develop Positive Personality