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SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
P R 0 P E R T I E S O F G UAVA O RC H A R D S I N
DISTRICT L ARKANA ,SINDH PAKISTAN

Presented By:

M. Mukhtar Rajput
2K13-SS-223

INTRODUCTION
Among fruits guava has significant value in fruit
industry of Pakistan and it is ranks 4th position on
the bases of area (63 thousand ha) and production
(555 thousand tons)
As compared to citrus, guava fruit contain 5 times
more vitamin C, 260 mg ascorbic acid present per
100 g of guava fruit. It is also a very good source of
Vitamin A.
Punjab and Sindh both are producing best quality
guava.
In Sindh, excellent pear shaped guava with smaller
seed core is grown in Larkana, Dadu, Shikarpur and

INTRODUCTION
The major guava growing areas include Kasur, Lahore,
Sheikhupura, Sangla Hills and Gujranwala in Punjab; Kohat,
Haripur and Bannu in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Larkana
Hyderabad in Sindh. Thus, it has attained the status of the
fourth most important fruit of the country
In Pakistan, guava is grown on an area of 64.0 hectares with a
total production of 546.6 tons. Sindh contributes 9.8 hectares
of area under guava with a total production of 75.4 tons (GOP,
2012).
In Sindh guava was the third largest fruit produced after the
mango and banana with the production of 70000 ton annually.
Pakistan also exports guava that earns high revenue for our
country and the total exports for the guava was 24,520 million
rupees

INTRODUCTION
Soil fertility is declining day by day due to intensive
cropping in order to fulfill the needs of rapidly growing
population.
Macronutrients play an important role in the growth,
development, production and quality of fruit.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) combined
improved flesh thickness, weight and fruit length,
diameter and weight.
The balanced nutrient solutions (NPK) made normal
growth, produced fruits and exhibited no deficiency
symptoms in guava.
Therefore, awareness of resource management practices
to raise nutritive food, prevent losses and improve the

OBJECTIVES
To assess the physico-chemical
characteristic of selected soil of
guava
orchards
in
district
Larkana
To
compare
physico-chemical
properties of guava orchards

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Guava orchards were selected from
four Talukas of district Larkana
i.e.,Bakrani,Dokri,Larkana and
Ratodero.
Soil samples were collected at
(0-15, 15-30 and 30-45cm) depth from
randomly selected and tagged
guava trees belonging to each Taluka.

Following parameters were determined

Name of property

Texture
EC and pH

Method

Bouyoucos
Hydrometer
1:2 soil water
extract

Organic matter (%)

Walkely-Black

Calcium carbonate (%)

Titration with
Phenolphthalein

Soluble Sodium
(meqL-1)
Soluble Potassium
(meqL-1)

Reference

Bouyoucos , 1962
McKeague, 1978 and
McLean ,1982
Walkely, 1947 and Black
, 1993
Jackson 1962

Soltanpour & Schwab

1977
Soltanpour & Schwab
Flame photometer
1977
Flame photometer

Soluble Calcium (meqLEDTA Titration

1
)

Richards, 1954

Soluble Magnesium
(meqL-1)

EDTA Titration

Richards, 1954

Soluble Chloride

Titration with

s
t
l
u
es

PARTICLE SIZE
DISTRIBUTION(%)
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Bakr ani

Do kr i

Lar kana

Rato der

Table 1. Electrical conductivity (dS m-1) in guava orchard soils of

district Larkana Sindh

Taluka

Soil
depth
(cm)

0-15
Bakran
i

15-30
30-45

Dokri

0-15
15-30
30-45

Larkan
a

0-15

Average
Range

0.300.62
0.220.50
0.160.43
0.440.89
0.310.6
0.20.53
0.3-0.6

Categorization (sample
Mean %)
standar
d
Non
deviatio saline
n
(<2)

0.48 0.480
.23
0.38 0.380
.20
0.28 0.280
.19
0.65 0.650
.32
0.45 0.450
.20
0.38 0.380
.22
0.47 0.470
.21

100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

Slightl Modera
y
tely
Saline Saline
(2-4)
(4-8)

Table 2. pH in guava orchard soils of district Larkana, Sindh

Taluka

Bakrani

Dokri

Larkana

Categorization (sample %)

Mean
Mediu

Soil
standar Slightly
m
Strongly
Averag
Alkaline
depth
d
Alkalin Alkaline
Range
e
(7.1(cm)
deviati
e (7.6- (8.4-9.0)
7.5)
on
8.3)
0-15
7.6-7.9
7.79
7.790.
100%
21
15-30
7.8-8
7.92
7.920.
100%
07
30-45 8.0-8.1
8.05
8.050.
100%
07
0-15
7.68.10 8.100.
80%
20%
8.74
81
15-30 7.8-8.8
8.20
8.200.
80%
20%
71
30-45 7.9-8.9
8.31
8.310.
70%
30%
71
0-15
8.2-9.0
8.62
8.620.
10%
90%
56

Table 3. Organic matter (%) content in soil of district

Larkana, Sindh
Categorization (sample %)

Mean
Talukaz Soil
Averag
Mediu
standar
Poor
dept
e
m
High
Range
d
(<0.86
h
(0.86(>1.29)
deviatio
)
(cm)
1.29)
n
Bakrani 0-15

Dokri

Larkan
a

1530
3045
0-15
1530
3045
0-15
15-

0.851.59
0.620.98
0.280.45
0.681.13
0.490.65
0.250.50
0.540.84
0.38-

1.2

0.8

0.36

0.90

0.57
0.37
0.69
0.54

1.20.52

10%

70%

20%

0.80.25

70%

30%

0.360.1
2
0.900.3
2
0.570.1
1
0.370.1
0
0.690.2
1
0.540.2

100%

80%

20%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Table 4. Calcium Carbonate (%) content in guava orchard soils of

district Larkana.Sindh
Soil
Taluka
depth
Range
(cm)
Bakrani

Dokri

Larkana

Ratodero

0-15
15-30
30-45

4.45-5.75
4.23-5.43
4.2-5.32

Average

5.1
4.83
4.76

Mean
standard
deviation
5.10.02
4.830.02
4.760.03

0-15
15-30
30-45
0-15
15-30

5.46-5.85
5.25-5.65
5.15-5.45
5.46-5.67
5.43-5.50

5.65
5.45
5.35
5.56
5.46

5.650.02
5.450.02
5.350.01
5.560.01
5.460.01

30-45
0-15
15-30
30-45

5.35-5.45
7.28-7.85
7.05-7.52
7.01-7.35

5.4
7.56
7.28
7.18

5.40.01
7.560.01
7.280.01
7.180.01

Categorization (sample %)
Low
(<5)
80%
80%

Marginal Adequate
(5-10)
(>15)
20%
20%

80%
-

20%

100%
100%
100%
100%

100%

100%
100%
100%

100%

Table 5. Soluble Na+ (meq L-1) content in guava orchard soils of

district Larkana, Sindh

Taluka Soil depth

Range
(cm)

Categorization (sample %)

Average

Mean standard
deviation

Low
(<0.1)

Marginal
(0.3-0.7)

Adequate
(>2)

Bakra
ni

0-15

0.32-0.39

0.35

0.350.02

100%

15-30

0.31-0.38

0.34

0.340.02

100%

0.23-0.35

0.29

0.290.03

100%

Dokri

30-45
0-15

0.42-0.49

0.45

0.450.02

100%

15-30

0.41-0.47

0.44

0.440.02

100%

30-45

0.41-0.45

0.43

0.430.01

100%

0-15

0.24-0.49

0.36

0.360.01

100%

15-30

0.23-0.47

0.35

0.350.01

100%

30-45

0.21-0.45

0.33

0.330.01

100%

0-15

0.36-0.39

0.37

0.370.01

100%

15-30

0..32-0.38

0.35

0.350.01

100%

30-45

0.31-036

0.33

0.330.01
-

100%

Larkan
a

Ratode
ro

Table 6. Soluble Ca2+ (meqL-1) in guava orchard soils of district

Larkana, Sindh

Taluka

Bakrani

Dokri

Larkana

Ratoder
o

Soil
depth
(cm)
0-15

Range
5.5-5.9

Average

Categorization (sample %)

Mean
Low
Marginal
standard
(2-10)
deviation (<1-2)

Adequ
ate
(>20)

5.7

5.70.1

100%

15-30

5.2-5.8

5.5

5.50.1

30-45

5.1-5.8

5.45

5.450.2

100%
100%

0-15

6.56-6.95

6.75

6.75.0.11

100%

15-30

6.45-6.75

6.6

6.60.11

100%

30-45

6.22-6.56

6.42

6.420.12

100%

0-15

7.56-7,98

7.77

7.770.09

100%

15-30

7.54-7.86

7.77

7.770.01

100%

30-45

7.22-7.55

7.38

7,380.01

100%

0-15

7.66-9.75

8.70

8.700.86

100%

15-30

7.54-9.65

8.59

8.590.6

100%

30-45

7.22-9.56

8.39

8.390.7

100%

Table 7. Soluble Mg (meqL-1) in guava orchard soils of district

Larkana, Sindh

Taluka

Bakran
i

Dokri

Larkan
a
Ratode
ro

Soil
depth
(cm)
0-15

Range

Avera
ge

Categorization (sample
Mean %)
margi Adequat
standard
Low
nal
e
deviation
(<0.5)
(1-3)
(>7)

3.77

3.770.15

3.56

3.560.15

30-45

3.563.99
3.353.77
3.25-3.66

3.45

0-15

2.29-2.98

15-30
30-45

15-30

0-15

100%

100%

3.450.13

100%

2.63

2.630.2

100%

2.26-2.85

2.55

2.550.1

100%

2.22-2.55

2.38

2.380.3

100%

2.98

2.980.1

100%

2.29-3.67

15-30

2.26-3.58

2.92

2.920.1

100%

30-45

2.2-3.57

2.88

2.880.1

100%

2.35-3.78

3.06

3.060.01

100%

2.96

2.960.01

100%

2.86

2.860.00

100%

0-15
15-30
30-45

2.24-3.68
2.15-3.58

Table 8. Soluble K

(meqL-1) in guava orchard soils of district

Larkana, Sindh

Taluka

Bakrani

Dokri

Larkana

Ratoder
o

Averag
e

Mean
standard
deviation

Categorization (sample
%)
Adequ
Low Marginal
ate
(<60) (60-120)
(>120)

Soil
depth
(cm)

Range

0-15
15-30

260-500
300-532

380
416

380169.7
416156.9

30-45
0-15
15-30
30-45
0-15
15-30
30-45
0-15
15-30
30-45

180-470
180-560
260-510
180-520
250-560
260-510
180-470
190-510
200-440
210-500

325
370
385
350
405
385
325
350
320
355

325205.1
370268.7
385176.8
350240.4
405212.1
385134.3
325162.6
350134.3
32049.5
35556.6

100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

Table 9. Soluble Cl (meqL-1) in guava orchard soils of district

Larkana,
Sindh

Taluka

Soil
depth
(cm)

Bakrani 0-15
15-30
30-45
Dokri

Range

Average

Mean
standard
deviation

Categorization (sample %)
Margin Adequat
Low
al
e
(<4)
(4-10)
(>10)

0.02-0.056

0.03

0.030.01

100%

0.01-0.054

0.02

0.020.01

0.001-0.032

0.01

0.010,00

100%
100%

0.001-0.04

0.01

0.010.01

100%

0.001-0.03

0.01

0.010.01

100%

0.0001-0.03

0.01

0.010.01

100%

0.001-0.054

0.01

0.010.01

100%

0.0150.042
0.001-0.032

0.01

0.010.01

100%

0.001

0.0010.01

100%

Ratoder 0-15
o
15-30

0.025-0.056

0.03

0.030.00

100%

0.015-0.054

0.029

0.290.01

100%

30-45

0.01-0.052

0.02

0.020.01

100%

0-15
15-30
30-45

Larkana 0-15
15-30
30-45

n
o
i
s
u
l
c
n
o
C

CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the results that the soils of guava
orchards of Larkana districts are generally heavy in texture,
non-saline, strongly alkaline, poor in organic matter %,
moderately to medium calcareous in nature.
Marginal in soluble Na, Ca, Mg, while available potassium
was quit adequate.
100% soil samples found low in Cl contents.
.
Therefore, the application of organic matter, nitrogen and
phosphatic fertilizer is suggested to maintain soil fertility as
well as yield of the guava in this area.

h
P

y
h
p
a
r
g
o
t
o

Thank you for your

attention