STEAM SYSTEM

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Steam: Saturated dan Superheated

Use of Steam
Useful Features of Steam
Steam System Components
Boiler Feedwater Treatment
Steam Boiler
Steam Turbine
Steam distribution

STEAM
Steam: an invisible gas generated by adding
heat to water.
Saturated steam occurs when steam and
water are in equilibrium.

uperheated steam is steam at a temperature higher

ater's boiling point. If saturated steam is heated at
onstant pressure, its temperature will rise, producing
uperheated steam

USE and FEATURES of

STEAM
Direct and indirect heating.
Combustion to atomize fueloil.
Drying.
Power generation in steam
A wide range of operating temperature.
turbine.
Easy to control temperature through control of
the pressure.
Nontoxic and losses are easily replaced.

COMPONENTS OF STEAM
SYSTEM
Boiler
treatment.

feedwater

Steam Boiler.
Steam Turbine.
Steam Distribution.

BOILER FEEDWATER
TREATMENT
The principal problem:
Suspended solid.
Dissolved solid.
Dissolved salt.
Dissolved gas.

STEAM BOILER
Types of Steam
Boiler

Types of boiler are depending on the steam

pressure, steam output and fuel
100 barg
40
barg
distribution.

power generation.
maximum

for

10-40 barg

conventional distribution.

2-5 barg

lowest for distribution

Types of Boiler
Fire Tube
Combustion gases pass through the tubes.
Boiler
Small heating duties and low pressure steam
(100 to 150 psig).
Capacity: 15000 to 20000 lb/hr of steam.
Restricted to be gas or light fuel oil .

Types of Boiler
Water Tube

Water pass through the tubes.

Boiler
High heating duties and high pressure steam.
Gas , fuel oil and solid fuels.
High efficiency.
Various models.

Schematic Diagram of Boiler

Operation

Schematic Diagram of Boiler

Operation

Main Side of Boiler

Fuel inlet: as channel for the entry of fuel.
Water inlet feed: as channel for the entry of boiler
feed water.
Steam outlet: as channel to release steam.
Flue gas / stack: as channel to release the smoke.
Furnace: as space where combustion.
Blow down: to channel water that can not change
into steam and to dispose of its crust.
Economizer: a heat exchanger that serves to raise
efficiency
energy to raise the temperature of the boiler feed
water by using heat from the flue gas.

Blowdown
Due to the vaporation of water impurities
concentration increase and form a scale.
Blowdown therefore is required.
Blowdown rates are quoted as the ratio of
flowrate of blowdown to evaporation rate .
Typical blowdown rate:
Small, low pressure boiler: 5 to 10%.
Large, high pressure boiler: 2 to 5 %.
Very large boiler with pure feed: less
than 2%.

Economizer and Air Preheater

Economizer:
Increase energy efficiency.
To preheat
feedwater .

the

incoming

boiler

A heat exchange between the

incoming
boiler feedwater and hot flue
Air
Preheater:
gases.
Increase energy efficiency.
Heat recovery from the hot flue gas
to the incoming cold combustion air.

Efficienty of Boiler
Boiler efficiency can be defined as:

Qsteam
Qsteam
Boiler

Qfuel Qsteam Qloss

Scaling dan Anti Scaling

SCALING
Caused by impurities (salts with limited solubility in
water) which settles.
Boiler feed water is potentially deposit calcium,
magnesium, iron, aluminum and silica.
Heat transfer will not take place properly.
ANTI SCALING
Using fully demineralized water (reducing the causes
of scaling salts).
Demineralization can be done by ion-exchange.

Foaming
FOAMING
Bubble / foam on the surface of the water
and out with steam.
High solid concentrations in the water
such as alkaline compounds, oil, grease,
organic compounds.

Priming
Drops of water in the steam
Lowering the energy efficiency of steam
and produce crystalline salt deposits.
Unfavorable boiler construction,
excessive flow rates or sudden
fluctuations in the flow.
Compounded by the presence of
impurities in the boiler feed water.

Korosi
Changes of the metal to form the ore again.

Temperature
pH
Oxygen concentration
Carbon Dioxide concentration
Contoh perhitungan steam.doc