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DBA: Backups

Advanced Databases

Agenda
Define backup
Discuss Backup Terminology
Explain various backup and restore
options in Oracle
Demonstrate backups in Oracle

Advanced Databases

Question: What is a
Backup?

Advanced Databases

Backup
A procedure for making extra
copies of data for the purpose of
restoration in case of loss or
damage.
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases

Backup Terminology
On-line
Off-line
Off-Site

Hot Backup
Cold Backup
Full Backup
Incremental Backup
Differential Backup
Backup Window
Backup Job

Data Compression
Data Deduplication
Data Encryption

Advanced Databases

Types of Backup
A full backup (level 0) is a complete copy of a
partition.
An incremental backup (level 1) is an archive of
only the files that have changed since the last full
backup.
A differential backup (level 2, 3, etc) is an
archive of only the file that have changed since the
last backup (not necessarily full backup.
Backu
p

Sun
(F)

Mon

Full

2TB

2TB

Incr.

2TB

1GB

Diff

2TB

1GB

Tue

Wed

Thu

2TB
2TB
Guide
to Oracle
10g 2TB

Fri

Sat

2TB

2TB

1.2GB

1.6GB

1.9GB

2.3GB

2.8GB

0.2GB

0.4GB

0.3GB

0.4GB

0.5GB

Advanced Databases

Short-Sighted Backups
Why?
Why are each of these a bad backup
strategy? Advantages /
Disadvantages?
Only taking Cold, Full Backups
One Full Offsite backup
Just hot backups
Guide
to Oracle 10gdifferentials
Full backups
monthly,
daily.
Advanced Databases

Lets Talk Strategy


Ideally wed like to backup everything
all the time and keep it around forever.
Realistically, we cannot do that.
You need a combination of short-term
and long-term strategies. For example:
At least 3 copies of the data, 1 off site.
Hot backups for convince, cold backups for
insurance D/R.
Test your restore process, at multiple levels.
Others?
Advanced Databases

Database Backup and


Recovery
Important database administration
support tasks include:
Backup
Offline/cold
Online/hot

Recovery
Restore Entire tablespaces
Build test / dev environments from restores
Recover missing / erroneous data in tables.
Advanced Databases

Creating Offline (Cold)


Backups
1. Shut down database instance
2. Copy specific database files to
alternate disk location
1.
2.
3.
4.

Parameter file
Control files
Datafiles
Not redo logs

3. Restart database instance


Advanced Databases

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Creating Online (Hot)


Backups
1. Place database instance in
ARCHIVELOG mode
2. Back up control file
3. Back up datafiles
4. Instruct database to write current
contents of redo log files to archive
files
Guide copies
to Oracle 10g
- Create backup
of archive log files
Advanced Databases

11

Database Recovery
Process of restoring database from
either cold or hot backup files
Necessary after database failure
Cold backup recovery:
Shut down database
Restore backed up control file and
datafiles to database server
Restart database
Advanced Databases

12

Database Recovery
(continued)
Hot backup recovery:
Recover database to point at which last
hot backup created
Use control trace file to generate new
copy of control file
Restore backup copies of datafiles
Perform media recovery
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases

13

Demo Start and Stop


Oracle
Lets use OEM to start and stop your
Oracle instance, then create a cold
backup

Guide to Oracle 10g


Advanced Databases

14

Oracle Backup Strategies


Cold backups
Simplest to perform
Satisfactory for databases whose:
Contents do not change very much
Users can tolerate downtime while DBA creates cold
backup files

Hot backups
Complex to perform
Better suited for dynamic, mission-critical
databases

If you setup a clustered environment you can


perform cold backups without loss of service.
Advanced Databases

15

Questions

Advanced Databases

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