SUBJECT:

Building Materials & Construction

B. Tech. III (Civil), 5th Semester

SUBJECT TEACHER:
Bhaven N. Tandel
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
SV National Institute of Technology, Surat.
bnt@ced.svnit.ac.in
(+91) 98255 53175
 Plastic in its broadest sense is any non-
metallic varied group of materials
which can be easily moulded to shape,
cast, extruded or formed in films and
coatings
Most of the plastic consist of organic
substance of cross-link or chain-link
molecules of hydrocarbons.
 The simplest substances consisting of one
primary chemical are known as the
monomers or monoliths.
The are combined or synthesized to form
polymers by the process of polymerization.
A polymer material consists of a large
number of these long chain molecules.
The properties such as strength, rigidity
and elasticity are considerably improved by
the polymerization and it further leads to
manufacture of plastics.
 There are three method of
polymerization:-

1. Addition polymerization
2. Condensation polymerization
3. Co-polymerization
1. Appearance
2. Chemical resistance
3. Dimensional stability
4. Ductility
5. Durability
6. Electric insulation
7. Finishing
8. Fire resistance
9. Fixing
10. Humidity
11. Maintenance
12. Melting point
13. Optical property
14. Recycling
15. Sound absorption
16. Strength
17. Thermal property
18. Weather resistance
19. Weight
Classified on basis of:-
1. Behaviour w.r.t heating:-
Thermoplastic
Thermosetting plastic
2. Structure:-
Homogenous
Heterogeneous
3. Physical and Mechanical properties:-
Rigid plastic
Semi-rigid plastic
Soft plastic
Elastomers
1. Bath and sink units
2. Cistern ball floats
3. Corrugated and plain sheets
4. Decorative laminates and mouldings
5. Electrical conduits
6. Electrical insulators
7. Films for water proofing, damp
proofing and concrete curing
8. Floor tiles
9. Foams for thermal insulations
10. Jointless flooring
11. Lighting fixtures
12. Overhead water tanks
13. Paints and varnishes
14. Pipes to carry cold water
15. Roof lights
16. Safety glass
17. Wall tiles
18. Water resistant adhesives, etc.
 Very light in weight
Low thermal conductivity
Low electrical conductivity
Great resistance to moisture
Available in wide range of colours and
shades
Can be transparent, translucent or opaque
Good resistance to attack by organic acids,
bases, salts and living organisms
Slow burning, self extinguishing or non
inflammable
Available in wide range of properties to suit
the needs of different applications
 Can be formed or moulded into any
shapes
Certain strong varieties of plastics can be
obtained by using fabric reinforcement.
Can be cast, moulded, extruded, sawn,
machined, riveted, wielded or glue.
Rust proof
Reused after re-processing
Have dimensional stability
Are cheap, adaptable, low maintenance
and have aesthetic value
 Low heat resistance
Not very hard
Disintegrate gradually and as time
passes they lose strength.
Exhibit high creep
High coefficient of thermal expansion
which varies from 25 x 10-6 to 120 x 10-
6 as compared to steel - 11 x 10 -6.
 The fibre glass reinforced plastic (FRP) is formed by
using two materials in conjunction with each other
to form a composite material of altogether different
properties.
Its also sometimes referred to as the glass fibre
reinforced plastic (GRP).
The glass fibres provide stiffness and strength while
resin provides a matrix to transfer load to the
fibres.
The FRP offers a combination of properties not
easily found in the traditional materials and it has
come as a boon especially for the building and
construction industry
 Concrete shuttering
Domes
Doors and window frames
Internal partition and wall paneling
Roof sheets
Structural sections
Temporary shelters
Water storage tanks
 The PVC or polyvinyl chloride is the
most versatile plastic.
The use of PVC pipes in building is
becoming popular day by day
The PVC can also be used in doors and
windows due to their totally rust proof,
rot-proof, termite-proof and water
proof properties.
 They have good insulating properties.
They permit high, smooth and undiminished
flow of water.
They have no problem of incrustation.
They possess high Hazen-Williams Constant.
They are in smaller size as compared to pipes of
other conventional materials such as asbestos
cement, cast-iron and galvanized iron.
They prove to be economical as compared to
other pipes.
They provide resistance to a variety of
chemicals.
 Design should accommodate adequate provisions in
respect of appropriate air vents, etc.
Fittings such as tees, elbows, caps, etc. used in PVC
piping system should sit well with pipes.
PVC piping system should be suitably tested after
installation and before putting in service.
Turbulent flow of water from through PVC pipes should
be avoided.
Though available in different colours red and black
colour on external wall should be avoided.
The trenches for laying pipes should not be that narrow
nor should that wide.
They should be provided with sufficient supports.
They should not be used at places likely to be subjected
to heavy loading.
They should not be bent much to avoid any stress in
them.
THANK YOU.!!!