MDI GURGAON

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES AND INDUSTRIAL

RELATIONS

GROUP 6
16P135 B. ANAND
16P136 CHANDNI JAIN
16P145 KARAN SINGH
16P166 SHASHANK
SINGH
16P168 SHREYAS
 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
ACCORDING TODALE YODERINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IS THE PROCESS OF
MANAGEMENT DEALING WITH ONE OR MORE UNIONS WITH A VIEW TO NEGOTIATE AND
SUBSEQUENTLY ADMINISTER COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT OR LABOUR
CONTRACT. HE ALSO STATED THAT, IR IS A DESIGNATION OF A WHOLE FIELD OF
RELATIONSHIP THAT EXISTS BECAUSE OF THE NECESSARY COLLABORATION OF MEN AND
WOMEN IN THE EMPLOYMENT PROCESSES OF INDUSTRY.
J.T. DUNLOPDEFINES INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AS THE COMPLEX INTERRELATIONS
AMONG MANAGERS, WORKERS AND AGENCIES OF THE GOVERNMENTS.
THROUGH THE ABOVE DEFINITIONS WE CAN UNDERSTAND WHAT INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
MEAN BY UNDERSTANDING THE TWO BASIC WORDS THAT MAKE IT, INDUSTRY(IAL) AND
RELATIONS. INDUSTRY MEANS ANY PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY IN WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL OR A
GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS ARE ENGAGED AND BY RELATIONS WE MEAN THE RELATIONSHIPS
THAT EXIST BETWEEN THE EMPLOYER AND THE EMPLOYEE WITHIN THE INDUSTRY.
FOR US TO UNDERSTAND IR AND HOW IT IS AFFECTED BY VARIOUS SOCIAL,
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES WE MUST FIRST
UNDERSTAND THE SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF IR AND UNDERSTAND THE MAJOR
ACTORS WHO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN GOVERNING THE SAME. WE ALSO NEED TO
UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF IR AND ITS ROLE IN OVERALL DEVELOPMENT
OF THE SOCIETY.
 SCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

THE ROLE OF VARIOUS

EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE
LABOUR RELATIONS, I.E., PARTIES VIZ., EMPLOYERS,
RELATIONS I.E. RELATIONS
RELATIONS BETWEEN LABOUR EMPLOYEES, AND STATE IN
BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND
UNION AND MANAGEMENT. MAINTAINING INDUSTRIAL
EMPLOYEES.
RELATIONS.

THE MECHANISM OF
HANDLING CONFLICTS
BETWEEN EMPLOYERS AND
EMPLOYEES, IN CASE
CONFLICTS ARISE.
 FACTORS GOVERNING IR

Economic Technological Institutional

Factors Factors Factors
Nature and Techniques Government
Composition of Production Policy
of Labour Capital Labour Laws
Force Structure Unions
Economic Power
Ownership Structure
like
Capitalist,
Socialist
Company
Ownership
 CONCEPT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE MAY BE DEFINED AS THE PROCESS BY WHICH
ECONOMIES CHANGE OVER TIME IN RESPECT OF THE PRODUCTS THEY PRODUCE
AND THE PROCESSES USED TO PRODUCE THEM.
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE MAY INVOLVE ANY CHANGE IN EQUIPMENT OR
PROCESS, THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS WHICH
RESULT IN A SIGNIFICANT ALTERATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOUR,
CAPITAL AND RAW MATERIALS.
HABER, FERMAN AND HUDSON HAVE IDENTIFIED CERTAIN CHANGES WHICH
AFFECT JOBS AND INFLUENCE SKILLS IN THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM
WHICH CAN BE CALLED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES.
CHANGES IN SHIFTS IN
CHANGES IN
LOCATION OF PRODUCT
MACHINERY
PLANTS DEMAND

CHANGES IN
AUTOMATION
MACHINERY
 FORMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE:

RATIONALISATION AND AUTOMATION

RATIONALISATION IMPLIES A BASIC CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE AND CONTROL
OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES. IN APPLICATION, IT BRINGS TOGETHER THE
ADVANTAGES OF PLANNED PRODUCTION, POOLING OF RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNICAL KNOW-HOW, CENTRALISED REGULATION OF FINANCES,
MODERNISATION OF PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES AND OPTIMUM USE OF
MANPOWER. THE TECHNIQUES OF RATIONALISATION ARE APPLIED NOT ONLY TO
MATERIAL AND METHODS BUT ALSO MEN IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS. THE
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ILO DEFINES IT AS ANY REFORM
TENDING TO REPLACE HABITUAL ANTIQUATED PRACTICES BY MEANS OF
METHODS USED BY SYSTEMATIC REASONING.
AUTOMATION IS ANOTHER FORM OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE. IT IS ALSO
CONSIDERED AS THE HIGHEST FORM OF MECHANISATION. AT THE HIGHEST
LEVEL OF MECHANISATION, I.E. AUTOMATION, THE MACHINE PROVIDES DATA
FROM ITS OWN OPERATIONS AND FEEDS IT BACK TO ITS OWN CONTROL WHICH
GOVERN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS. AUTOMATED SYSTEMS ALLOW FEW
SKILLED INDIVIDUALS TO DO THE WORK, WHICH PREVIOUSLY REQUIRED
NUMEROUS UNSKILLED AND SEMI-SKILLED WORKERS. THEY ALSO ALLOW TASKS
THAT ARE BEYOND HUMAN CAPABILITIES OR THOSE DANGEROUS OR
MONOTONOUS JOBS THAT WOULD BE CONSIDERED INHUMAN FOR PEOPLE TO
PERFORM. FURTHER THE LABOUR INTENSIVE WAYS OF PRODUCTION ARE
EXPENSIVE AND RESTRICT THE MARKET FOR THE PRODUCT, WHICH HAS A
 PHASES OF TECHNOLOGY CHANGE

INVENTION INNOVATION DIFFUSION

FACTORS INFLUENCING TECHNOLOGY

CHANGE
STATUS LEVEL
TYPE OF RATE OF
IN
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY CULTURE
ORGANISATIO
USED CHANGE
N

MARKET
 IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY CHANGE
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES AFFECT THE INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IN SEVERAL WAYS. THEY
AFFECT THE WORK ENVIRONMENT AND ALTER THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
EMPLOYERS AND THE EMPLOYEES. THEY AFFECT THE LABOUR IN TWO WAYS- SOCIAL
AND ECONOMIC. TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN
INDUSTRY AND THUS INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AS A WHOLE WE WILL NEED TO
UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS :

EMPLOYMEN SKILL WORKER

T LEVEL PROFILE ACCEPTANCE

UNION
RESPONSE
ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE

LABOUR COST IMPROVES LEVEL HIGHER

SAVING OF EARNING PRODUCTIVITY

PRODUCT
REDUCTION OF
STANDARDIZATIO
WASTAGE
N
DISADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE

TRANSFER AND
RESISTANCE TO
DOWNSIZING RETAINING
CHANGE
PROBLEMS

WORKER AND
UNION
REDUNDANCY
RELATIONS
DETERIOATION
 INDUSTRY EXAMPLES

ACCORDING TO WORLD BANK AUTOMATION THREATENS 69% JOBS IN

INDIA OCTOBER,2016
INDIAN GOVERNMENT WARNS ITS CITIZEN SIGNIFICANT JOB LOSSES DUE
TO ROBOTICS
IT INDUSTRY TO LOSE 640,000 JOBS IN NEXT FIVE YEARS DUE TO LARGE
SCALE AUTOMATION
RAYMOND HAS ANNOUNCED THAT IT WILL LAYOFF 10,000 WORKERS AND
REPLACE THEM WITH ROBOTS
AS PER LABOR BUREAU DATA, 550 JOBS ARE LOST IN INDIA EVERYDAY
DUE TO TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
THANK YOU