Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Designing a Qualitative
Study:
A Research Plan
1
Qualitative Research: A Metaphoric
Description
2
Qualitative Research: From
Metaphoric to Discourse
These frameworks are labelled constructivist,
interpretivist, feminist, methodology, postmodernist,
and naturalistic research.
3
Questions for Discussion
4
Questions for Discussion
5
Common Characteristics of Qualitative Research
(1)
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Common Characteristics of Qualitative Research
(2)
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Common Characteristics of Qualitative Research
(3)
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Common Characteristics of Qualitative Research
(4)
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Common Characteristics of Qualitative Research
(5)
All phases may change or shift after the researchers enter the
field and begin to collect data.
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Common Characteristics of Qualitative
Research (7)
Researchers Positioning
12
Common Characteristics of Qualitative
Research (8)
Holistic account
13
Summary of Common Characteristics of Qualitative
Research
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Summary of Common Characteristics of Qualitative
Research
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When to Use Qualitative Research
Because a problem or issue needs to be
explored , as we need to study a
population, identify variables that can
then be measured, or hear silenced
voices.
18
When to Use Qualitative Research
Write in a literary, flexible style that
conveys stories, or theater, or poems.
21
What a Qualitative Study
Requires from the Researcher
22
What a Qualitative Study
Requires from the Researcher
24
What makes a Good Qualitative Study?
25
What makes a Good Qualitative Study?
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What makes a Good Study?
The study includes detailed methods
and a rigorous approach to data
collection, analysis, and writing
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What makes a Good Study?
The researcher writes persuasively to put
the reader there- verisimilitude
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Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research
Where in the Type of Ethical Issue How to Address the
process does Issue
the issue
occur?
Prior to the study Seek institutional approval Submit for IRB approval
Examine professional standards Consult professional standards
Gain site permission Identify and use channels; find a
Select a site without a vested gatekeeper to help
interest in the outcome of the Select a site without power issues
study with researchers
Negotiate authorship Give appropriate writing credit
At the onset of the Disclose purpose of the study Tell participants general purpose
study Dont pressure participants into of study
signing consent forms Tell them they do not have to sign
Respect norms of indigenous form
societies Find out about cultural, religious
Sensitivity to vulnerable and other differences to respect
populations Obtain appropriate consent
During data collection Disrupt as little as possible Build trust- be honest about
Avoid deceiving participants anticipated disruption
Respect power imbalances Discuss purpose of study and
Respect reciprocity data use
Avoid leading questions; withhold
sharing personal impressions
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Provide rewards for participating
Ethical Issues Continued
Where in the Type of Ethical Issue How to Address the
process does Issue
the issue
occur?
Analyzing Data Avoid siding with participants Report multiple perspectives;
(going native) report contrary findings
Avoid disclosing only positive Assign fictitious names or
results aliases; develop composite
Respect the privacy of profiles or report data in the
participants aggregate
Reporting Data Falsifying authorship, Report honestly
evidence, data findings See APA (2010) guidelines
Plagiarism for permissions needed to
Avoid disclosing evidence reprint or adapt work of
that would harm participants others
Communicate in clear, Use composite stories so
straight-forward, appropriate participants cannot be
language identified
Use audience-appropriate
language
Publishing Study Share data with others Provide copies of report to
Do not duplicate or participants and 30
Constructivist/Interpretivist Approach to a
Qualitative Research Plan or Proposal
(Creswell,2009)
Introduction
Statement of the Problem (including literature about the problem)
Purpose of the study
The research questions
Delimitations and limitations
Procedures
Characteristics of qualitative research
Qualitative research approach used
Role of the reseacher
Data collection procedures
Data analysis procedures
Strategies for validating findings
Narrative Structure
Anticipated ethical issues
Significance of the study
Preliminary pilot findings
Expected outcomes
Appendices: Interview questions, observational forms, timeline, proposed budget
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A Transformative Approach to a Qualitative
Research Plan or Proposal (Creswell, 2009)
Introduction
Statement of the Problem (including literature about the problem)
The transformative/participatory issue
The research questions
Delimitations and limitations
Procedures
Characteristics of qualitative research and philosophical assumptions (optional)
Qualitative research approach
Role of the researcher
Data collection procedures (including collaborative approaches used and sensitivity toward
participants
Data recording procedures
Strategies for validating findings
Narrative structure of study
Anticipated ethical issues
Significance of the study
Preliminary pilot findings
Expected transformative changes
Appendices: Interview questions, observational forms, timeline, proposed budget
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A Theoretical/Interpretive Lens Format
(Marshall & Rossman, 2010)
Introduction
Overview
Topic and Person
Significance for knowledge, practice, policy, action
The transformative/participatory issue
Framework and general research questions
Limitations
Literature review (theoretical questions and current thought for reframing the question)
Review and critique of related empirical research
Essays and opinions of experts
Design and methodology (overall approach and rationale)
Site or population selection and sampling strategies
Access, role, reciprocity, trust, rapport
Personal biography
Ethical and political considerations
Data collection methods
Data analysis procedures
Preliminary pilot findings
Procedures to address trustworthiness and credibility
Appendices (entry letters, data collection and management details, sampling strategies, timelines,
budget, notes from pilot studies
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Maxwells Nine Arguments for a Qualitative
Procedure
(2005)
1. We need to better understand(the topic)
2. We know little about(the topic)
3. I propose to study(purpose)
4. The setting and participants are appropriate for this
study(data collection)
5. The methods I plan to use will provide the data I need
to answer the research questions(data collection)
6. Analysis will generate answers to these questions
(analysis)
7. The findings will be validated by(validation)
8. The study poses no ethical problems(ethics)
9. Preliminary results support the practicability and value
of the study(pilot project)
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