Thursday March 2nd 2017.

Pick up your spirals/folders from the front and

clear your desk to finish grading the quiz.

We will grade the quiz, do bellwork, and take

notes.

Bellwork next slide.

Bellwork: Fill in the blanks, everyone will
read their answer.

For me to leave my home country it would

take ____________________.

I would want to go to a new country that

_________________________.
Immigration
 Causes of 19th Century Immigration (Push-pull factors)

Push Factors
o Overcrowded European cities
o Crop failures (Irish Potato Famine caused mass starvation and killed
750,000)
o Religious and political turmoil (failed German revolution)

Pull Factors
o Religious and political freedom (democracy)
o Economic opportunity (California Gold Rush attracted Chinese
immigrants)
o Industrial Revolution created factory jobs
o Abundance of low cost land (westward expansion)

North vs. South

o Most immigrants were attracted to the industrial North
Employment opportunities in factories/mills
o Slave labor resulted in limited job opportunities for immigrants in the
South
 Major Cultural Groups
Group
Irish
Irish Potato Famine
Germans
Largest group of 19th century
Other Europeans
English, French, Italians, Swedes,
Norwegians, Scottish
Chinese
Economic boom in the West
Gold Rush then Railroad
African Americans
Few free, most enslaved
Free have few or no rights
Mexican Americans
Former Spanish or Mexican
citizens
Native Americans
In America long before
Location Cultural Influence
Mostly North Catholicism, transcontinental railroad
Major cities like Boston
Mostly North kindergarten, polka music, meat curing,
Pennsylvania, Wisconsin sausage making, Grimm Brothers fairy
(also Texas) tales, some Christmas traditions
mostly North place names, food, traditions
mostly California transcontinental railroad, food,
traditions
Free: mostly North food, music (gospel, blues), celebrations
(Juneteenth), civil rights participation
Enslaved: southern states; (20th century)
mostly Deep South with cotton
plantations
Southwest place names, vocabulary, Catholicism,
food, arts
Vast majority relocated to place names, food, traditions
reservations (Oklahoma)
 Barriers
Poverty: Many immigrants spent their money passage to America and arrived with nothing

Employment: Influx of immigrants resulted in more workers than jobs (immigrants work for lower wages)
Poverty-stricken immigrants had to live off lower wages

Urbanization: Overcrowded cities resulted in scarcity of jobs, housing, and food

Unemployment, crime, and disease were rampant

Nativism
Many U.S.-born American citizens saw immigrants as a threat to their economic opportunities
Many Protestant Americans saw Irish (and some German) Catholics as being anti-American
Know-Nothings: Secret nativist organization
o Harassed immigrants, denied employment, kept them out of politics
o Help Wanted; Irish Need Not Apply
Ethnic Neighborhoods: Immigrants tended to establish their own neighborhoods
o Provided support for their people through housing, jobs, and language
 Barriers
Non-immigrant cultural groups (Faced prejudice, mistreatment, and injustice)

Mexican Americans
Had property seized after the U.S.-Mexican War and during the Gold Rush

Native Americans
Murdered, forced off homelands, relocated, decimated by spread of Anglo diseases

Enslaved Blacks
Beaten; labor exploited; freedom withheld
Denied basic rights: voting, education, and equality
Families divided by slave trade

Free Blacks
Though not enslaved, they usually were denied basic rights even in free states
Subject to kidnapping in Free states and being sold into slavery
 Impact
Industrial Revolution
Influx of immigrants allowed businesses to expand the labor force

Northern population growth

Immigration caused population to grow rapidly in northern states
North acquires greater political power in Congress

Transcontinental Railroad
Most work done by Irish and Chinese immigrants

Cultural identity
American culture has been influenced by many different cultures in many
different ways
Language, food, customs, music, stories, and traditions