Grading System

Midterm Finals
Major Examination 40% 40%
Quizzes 20% 20%
Output/Project 15% 15%
Recitation/Classroom 15% 15%
Participation
Attendance 10% 10%

GPA = (Midterm Grade x .30) + (Final Gra

 Introduction
Philippine
with
tLiterature
 What is Literature?
Anything that is printed, as long as
it is related to the ideas and feelings
of people, whether it is true or just a
product of ones imagination.
-Webster
ETYMOLOGY

Litera
Acquaintance
with letters
Literature raises life to
a new level of
meaning and
understanding, and in
the process restores
sanity and justice in
an insane and unjust
world.

-Cirilo F. Bautista
 Is a product of a particular
culture that concretizes man's
array of , values, emotions,
actions and ideas. It is therefore
creation of human experiences
that tells about people and their
world.
Literature
is
LIFE
mportance of Literature
We understand not only
the past life of a nation
but also its present.
Moreover, we become
familiar not only with the
culture of neighboring
countries but also with
that of others living very
far from us.
mportance of Literature
Studying literature is like
looking at the mirror of life
where mans experiences,
his innermost feelings and
thoughts are reflected.
Through literature, we
learn the culture of people
across time and space.
Universality
Artistry
Intellectual Value
Permanence
Style
Spiritual Value
Suggestiveness
Great literature is timeless and
timely.

Forever relevant, it appeals to

one and all, anytime, anywhere,
because it deals with elemental
feelings, fundamental truths and
universal conditions.
This is the quality that
appeals to our sense of
beauty.
 A great work of literature endures.
It can be read again and again as
each reading gives fresh delight and
new insights and opens a new world
of meaning and experience.
Its appeal is lasting.
 This is the peculiar way in which
writers sees life, forms his ideas and
expresses them.
 Literature elevates the spirit by
bringing out moral values which
makes a better persons.
The capacity to inspire is part of the
spiritual value of literature.
This is associated with the emotional
power of literature.
Great literature moves us deeply and
stirs our feeling and imagination,
giving and evoking visions above and
beyond the plane of ordinary life and
experience.
 In everyday talk the most
common meaning of criticism is
something like finding fault.
And to be critical is to be
censorious. But a critic can see
excellences as well as faults.
 The first approach is called formalistic
approach or "pure" or "literary." The selection is
read and viewed intrinsically, or for itself;
independent of the author, age, or any other
extrinsic factor. This approach is close to the
""art's for art sake dictum.

The study of the selection is more or

less based on the so-called literary elements
which more or less boil down to literal level
(subject matter), affective values (emotion,
mood, truths, character) technical values (plot,
imagery, language etc. )
 Moral or Humanistic Approach

Literature is viewed to discuss man and

its nature. It presents man as essentially
rational; that is, endowed with intellect and free
will; or that the piece does not misinterpret the
true nature of man.
The approach is close to the morality of
literature, to questions of ethical goodness or
badness.
 Literature is seen both as a reflection
and product of the times and circumstances in
which it was written.
Man as a member of a particular society
or nation at a particular time, is central to the
approach and whenever a teacher gives a
historical or biographical backgrounds in
introducing a selection or arranges a literature
course in chronological order , he is hewing
close to ths approach.
 Literature is viewed as the expression of
personality, of inner drives or neurosis. It
includes the psychology of the author, of the
characters, and even the psychology of
creation.
It has resulted in an almost exhausting and
exhaustive psychological analysis of
characters, of symbols and images, of recurrent
themes, and others.
 Literature is seen as one of the
manifestations and vehicles of a nations or
races culture and tradition. It includes the
entire compels of what goes under culture.

This approach is one of the

pleasurable way of appreciating the
literature of a people. It goes by the
dictum "teaching through literature."
 Why do we need to study
Philippine Literature?

To trace our rich heritage of ideas and

handed down to us from our forefathers
For appreciation of our heritage.
To Understand that we have noble
traditions which can serve as the means to
assimilate other cultures.
Literature
and History
Together
 Literature and History
Literature and history are closely interrelated.
In discovering history of a race, a country, we
basically understand their own culture and
traditions, hence the written customs and
traditions of a country, the dreams and
aspirations of its people is called Literature.
History can also be written down and this too,
is literature. History therefore is an integral
part of literature.
Literary Compositions that Influenced the
World

1. The Bible or the Sacred Writings This has become

the basis of Christianity originating from Palestine and
Greece.
2. Koran- The Muslim Bible originating from Arabia.
3. The Iliad and Odyssey These have been the source
of myths and legends of Greece. They were written by
Homer.
4. The Mahabharata- The longest epic of the world. It
contains the history of religion of India.
5. Canterbury Tales- It depicts the religion and customs
of the English in the early days. This originated from
England and written by Chaucer.
6. Uncle Toms Cabin- by Harriet Beecher Stowe of the
US. This depicted the sad fate of slaves; this became
the basis of democracy later on.
Literary Compositions that Influenced the
World

6. The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri. This shows

the religion and customs of the
7. El Cid This shows the cultural characteristics of the
Spaniards and their national history.
8. The Song of Roland This includes Doce Pares and
Ronscesvalles of France. It tells about the Golden age of
Christianity in France.
9. The Book of the Dead This includes the cult of Osiris
and the mythology and theology of Egypt.
10. One Thousand and One Nights or the Arabian Nights
From Arabia and Persia (Iran) It shows the ways of
government, of industries and of the society of the
Arabs