SEED SOWING MACHINES

Sowing and Planting

Machines
Method/type of seeding and planting
Metering mechanism for seeds and
fertilizers in seed cum fertilizers drills and
planters
Type of furrow openers and covers
Zero tills/minimum tills drills and planters
Potato and Sugarcane planters
Rice drum seeder and paddy
transplanters
 Seeding and Planting
Seeding/Planting:-It is the art of placing seeds in the soil
under optimum moisture content and soil temperature
condition to obtain:
Good germination.
To get high yield, with right amount of seeds governed by
seed rate calculation, placed at right time at a predetermined
depth and spacing in irrigated and rain-fed soil.
The sowing depth depends upon available moisture content of
soil, seed emergence capacity and covering of seed by soil to
protect from sun drying as well as birds eating.
Similarly the spacing between seed depends upon plant
growth and their distribution characteristics( rooting and
branching) per unit area, required plant environment, plant
density and space requirement for intercultural operation by
machines or manually.
Generally larger seeds like maize are shown at greater depth
with wider spacing in comparison to smaller seeds like
mustard ,wheat etc.
 Seeding /planting.
Method of sowing/planting
Broadcasting:- It is the scattering of seeds on
prepared/pulverized field surface with covering the seed by
soil by manipulating the soil or planking it over.Higher rate of
seeding is required in this method. It is mostly used for
cereals upland crops like millet,wheat,paddy, and other
grass crops/fodder crops as indigenous/older type of
seeding/farming.It mostly done manually and some machines
are also available now a days
Dibbling:- it is the placing two or more seeds in a holes
made in soil either by hand tools or by some implement/seed
planter. Dibbling is done in a small plots and used for
vegetable crops manually or by the use of seed planter
Seed dropping behind the plough:-It is used for larger
seeds like maize peas, gram as well as also used for wheat
and barley as a older method of seeding with the operation
of indigenous plow to open furrow and dropping the seed by
another man or women following the plowing
 Method of seeding
Drilling:-It is the dropping of cereal crops seeds in the
furrow through seed tubes using seed drills machine with
metering mechanism of seed mechanically. In case of
seed drills machine the number of rows planted at a time
are more with accuracy of proper depth of sowing, space
of sowing and amount of seed to be used as pre-
calculated seed rate.
Hill dropping:-It is the method in which seeds are sown
in lines/rows with dropping the seeds at a fixed spacing
by the use of seed planter or manually for cotton, maize
instead of continuous drilling
Check rowing:-It is the method in which seeding is done
with the use of seed planter or manually with fixing row
to row and plant to plant spacing equal and being placed
the seeds in square check making possible to do
intercultural operation from both directions
 Seeding/transplanting
Transplanting:- It is done commonly
for paddy,vegetables, flowers,and
fruits crops for better yields.Seedlings
are grown in nurseries with better care
and nourishment then transplanting is
done into another properly prepared
field.Transplanting in lines/rows is done
by manually or using mechanical
transplanters in case of paddy farming.
 Seeding and planting
Machines
Classification of seeding and
planting machines
Conventional types of seeding and
planting machines(Seed drills,planters
used in well land prepared field)
Conservation types of seeding and
planting machines(zero
tillage/minimum tillage seed
drills,planters used in unprepared land
with minimum tillage around seed
placing areas only in a single operation
 Seeding and planting
machines
Function of seeding and planting machines:-
Seeding and planting machines are designed,
developed and manufactured to perform the
following function
It develops/opens a furrow of uniform depth in
conservation as well as conventional tillage
mechanism
It meters the seeds at controlled rate with seed
metering devices and drops uniformly at a desired
depth without injury
It meters fertilizers at controlled rate and drops
uniformly at desired depth without mixing with seeds
It keeps seeds at proper depth and spacing ,in case
of seed drills continuous seeding in rows and in case
of row planter,keeping seed to seed spacing
It covers the seeds by soil with proper compaction
around them for excellent soil moisture contact
 Types of Seeding and Planting
Machines
Plain Drills(traditional type) and Seed cum
Fertilizers Drills Manually metered
drills,Mechanically metered drills,and Pneumatically
metered drills for wheat,mustard, barley,and other
crops

Seed planters/Row crop Planter/Seed dibblers-

Manually operated or mechanically operated like
potato planter,Sugarcane planter, corn planter,
cotton planter,vegetable seed planter etc.

Transplanters for seedlings transplantation

-for paddy,vegetables,fruits etc
 Seeding and planting
Machines..
Seed cum fertilizers drills:-
Animal drawn trailing type with rear cage wheel for supporting
as well as providing power for moving seed metering devices
Tractor drawn seed cum fertilizers drills
o Tractor mounted type:-In this type the complete machine is
mounted on tractor,s three point linkage and power for
operating seed dropping mechanism for a pneumatically
metered or jet drills is taken from PTO shaft
o Trailing type:-Very common in Asian countries and have its
front, supported on tractors hitch while the rear end has two
cage wheels supporting the seed drills machine as well as
providing power for moving the seed metering and dropping
mechanism through suitable gear and chain connection.
Generally 12 rows with 18 cm spacing, that is 2meter coverage
size are available for tractor drawn
 Seeding and planting
machine..
Basic functional requirements of a
perfect seed cum fertilizer drills
It should open furrow to a uniform depth
Seeds must be dropped with uniformity
and without any injury
There should be a system to control the
seeding rate
There should be a system to control the
seeding depth and adjustment if required
It should cover the seed with moist soil
after planting with proper contact
 Seeding and planting
machine..
Calibration of seed drill:- Manufacturers
calibrate the seed drill when it is first
built.However as the seed drill wears out
and different seed varieties are used the
recalibration is needed.Process of
calibration is as follows
Measure the circumference of the drive
wheel=1.5 m
Drilling width of machine=2 m
Take a field of 10 by 10 m= 100 sqm than
distance covered= 1oo/2=50 m
 Seeding and planting
machine
Wheel have to move=50/1.5=33.33 turn
to cover that distance
Taking 10% slippage actual turn comes to
33.33*0.9=30 turns
Raise the seed drill for free movement of
ground wheel,turn the wheel for 30 turns
collect the seed dropped for 30 turns ,take
the weight and calculate for 1 ha,match
with seed rate /ha,if nof found again
repeat the process by adjusting seeding
rate liver to drop more or less seed to
drop accordingly
 Seeding and planting
machine..
Components of seed cum fertilizer drills
Seed cum fertilizer drills frame:-It if angle
iron reinforced frame which withstand all
load like load of seed ,fertilizer,seed drills
machine itself and jerks due to working on
rough terrain/field.
Seeds placing hopper/ chamber/ :-It
consist of sheet metal box having sloppy
narrow bottom for grains dropping at the
bottom easily
Fertilizer placing hopper/chamber:-fitted
with agitator
 Mechanical seed metering ,dropping
component:-It consist of two types feed or
metering devices at the bottom of seed
box
o fluted roller feed device:-It consist of feed
roller,feed cutoff and adjustment gate
mounted on shaft
o Double run feed device with double faced
roller for multi crop seed metering device:-
It consist of double faced wheel, one face
having larger opening for larger seed
metering and other face having smaller
opening for smaller seeds metering.
Seed metering device
Seed metering device
Seed metering mechanism
Seed metering mechanism
Seed metering mechanism
Planter with seed metering
mechanism
Seed cum ferti drill
Seed cum fertilizer drill in
operation
 Seeding and planting
machine
These feeding devices are connected
with chain drive and gear sets for
changing the speed of feed drive to
change the required seed metering
situation
Seeds after metering mechanism
drop into flexible feed tubes fitted
with metering device at the top and
with furrow opener at the bottom
 Seeding and planting
machine.
Pneumatic or jet drills with seed
metering device:-After the seed
metering the seeds are thrown by air
pressure to the furrow opener with the
help of power from PTO shaft for running
metering devices and dropping
device.Pneumatic or jet drills are more
advanced in comparison to mechanical
seed drills.Similarly mechanical seed drills
are also in advanced stage in comparison
to manually operated seed drills
PTO drive Pneumatic or jet
metering drill
Pneumatic PTO driving drill
 S&P machine
Furrow opening component:- Furrow openers in
seed cum fertilizer drills are provided to facilitate
the placement of seed and fertilizers at a proper
depth and spacing in case of conventional and
conservation or minimum tillage/ zero tillage seed
cum fertilizer drills
Furrow openers are of two types as rotating types
and fixed types
Rotating types are single disc type and double disc
type
Similarly fixed types are shoe type, hoe type,
shovel type, chisel point type, curved runner type
and inverted T-type etc used depending upon soil
type, moisture condition, conventional or
conservation tillage
 S&P Machine
Seed covering and packing component:-
Different types of attachment are available for
covering the planted or seeded field which are as
chain drags , v shaped drags,seed packers
wheel, soil press wheels, levelling
blades,plankers etc
Transport wheel cum power transmitting
component:- power for moving seed metering
devices is supplied either from ground wheel in
case of trailing type seed drills or from PTO shaft
of the tractor in case of tractor mounted seed
drills.Tractor mounted are more advanced seed
drills than trailing types.
 S&P machine
Setting row markers:- setting
markers is a must for any seed drills
for accurate seed drilling.It gives the
mark on the soil on which front left
wheel of tractor must travel on its
next turn.
Seed cum fertilizer drill
PTO shaft powered Seed
planter
Minimum till seed drill
PTO drive maize seed
planter/seeder
Maize/corn after planting
Zero till seed drill
Tractor drawn seed cum
fertilizer drill
Zero till planter/seeder
Sunflower planter
Seeder /Planter
Seed cum fertilizer drill
 Paddy Transplanter
Paddy transplanter:-Successful paddy
transplanter were not available in the
market over a decade ago.Now a days
Japanese and Chinese model of paddy
transplanter are available in our research
farms for experimental research/action
research for adoption in farmers field
conditions. Due to the out migration of
labor force from rural areas, rice cultivation
is in very difficult situation without available
human lalor as well as without the adoption
of paddy transplanter from outside of the
country.
Manually transplanting
Transplanting manually
Rice transplanter
Rice transplanter
Walking type transplanter
Powertiller operated
Transplanter
Machine operated
transplanter
Hand tractor operated
transplanter
transplanter
Demonstration
Walking type
Walking type
Mud ridge bed transplanter
Transplanted rice
Student research on
transplanter
Student on research
Line sketch of transplanter
transplanter
Small and handy type
transplanter
 Rice drum seeder
Rice drum seeder is a device for paddy
cultivation in which direct seeding of rice seed
is placed in muddy soil/puddle soil to have good
germination of seed instead of rice seedling
transplantation by using a machine called Rice
Drum Seeder. It is more popular and cost
effective in the rice growing regions where
labor shortage is a serious problem at the time
of rice transplanting. It is the method of rice
growing without reduction in yield in
comparison to transplanted rice even with
reduction of cost of cultivation. So it is realized
more beneficial, with low cost of cultivation as
not required the tedious job of transplanting.
Manual rice drum seeder
Manual rice drum seeder
Rice drum seeder
Rice drum seeder
Rice drum seeder
Rice drum seeder
Rice of rice drum seeder
Weeder used in rice field (drum
seeder)
Rice of rice drum seeder
weeder
Direct rice seeder
Direct rice seeder
Direct Rice seeder
Rice seeder
 Conservation farming
machines(zero till)
Conversation tillage(Minimum tillage or
Zero tillage/No tillage) drills and
planters:-
It is the farming practice in which attachment of
planter,seed drills and soil packer with plowing is
done so that plowing and planting are completed
simultaneously at a single operation.Machines or
equipments are used to do as many jobs as
possible in one operation.
A set of equipments are designed to apply
preemergent chemical for weed control,to plow at
minimun level around seeding/planting areas, to
plant with fertilizer application in one operation for
conservation farming/minimum tillage farming.
 Zero till
In our case the minimum till/zero till seed
cum fertilizer drill is used to open furrow
by a furrow opener to form a straight
crack in moist soil where seed and fertilizer
is placed and soil is pressed to cover the
seed. Without removing the grass and crop
residues.
In USA it has been practiced since 1973 and
had found cost effective by reducing cost of
cultivation and having more yield in
comparison to conventional farming system
Zero till seed drill machine
Zero till planter/seeder
Zero till crop
Zero till maize
Zero till maize
Zero till seed drill
Zero till crop
Zero till seed drill
Zero till seed drill
Zero till seed drill
Zero till Jet drill(Pneumatic
pressure)
 Planters
Sugarcane planter:-Sugarcane planters
now a days are commercially available
which were designed and developed by
Indian Institute of Sugarcane
research(IISR).Both animal drawn as well
as tractor drawn planter machine are
available for flat planting of sugarcane
sets.In developed countries sugarcane
planter are so advanced that even farmers
can afford the planter in commercial
farming with cost effective manner
Sugarcane crop
Sugarcane seed harvester
Sugarcane sets
Sugarcane planting
manually
Sugarcane planter
Sugarcane planter
Sugarcane planter
Sugarcane planter
Sugarcane harvester
Sugarcane planted field
Sugarcane planted field
Sugarcane planted field
 Planter
Potato Planter:- The slow,laborious hand
dropping method of potato planting has been
replaced by the use of mechanical planter that
open the furrow, drop the potato seed at specified
place,place fertilizer to the side and below the
level of seed and cover both seed and fertilizer to
the desired depth.Animal drawn as well as tractor
drawn potato planter are available in
market.Potato planters are semi automatic and
automatic types.In semi automatic type the
operator places the different size and shape of
seed from hopper into the metering device to
deliver into furrow.however automatic planters
extensively used in Europe and America need
graded seed tubers.
Potato seed
Double row potato Planter
Potato planter in working
field
Potato planter
Multi row potato planter
Two row Potato planter
Single row planter
Hand Tractor operated
planter
Potato planter
Vegetable planter
Ridges planter
Ridge planter(vegetable)
 That,s All

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Knowledge and
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