You are on page 1of 23

Dr. C.A.

SRINIVASAMURTHY
Professor and Head
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
UAS, GKVK, Bangalore
SPENTWASH
Waste water generated by distilleries during the distillation
and fermented molasses to ethyl alcohol using specific strains
of yeast.
a dark brown coloured liquid
containing residual nutrients from sugarcane and yeast cells
does not contain any heavy metals or other toxic residues
Potential polluting agent because
- it -is highly acidic (pH < 4.0)
- has high BOD (45000 50000 mg / l) and COD (1 2 lakh mg / l)
- has high dissolved solids and organic matter content
Hence, it has to be subjected to further treatments before
use / disposal
Composition of spentwash

Parameters (%) Raw Bio- methanated


N 0.10 0.14 0.14 0.18
P2 O 5 0.01 0.03 0.01 - 0.02
K2O 0.70 1.21 0.69 1.28
Ca 0.10 0.20 0.18 0.26
Mg 0.15 0.16 0.12 0.19
S - 0.02 0.08

Also contains Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn (0.87, 21.9, 0.67 &


2.58 mgl-1) respectively.

1 m3 spentwash supplies - 1.0 kg N, 0.02 kg P2O5 and


10.0 kg K2O. In addition, it supplies 2 kg Ca, 1.5 kg Mg
and 1.5 kg S.
Hence, it is a potential source of plant nutrients for
Quantity of Available Nutrients
from distillery spentwash
Particulars Karnataka India
No. of working distilleries 29 285
Quantity of rectified spirit
196 2,200
generated (million litres)
Quantity of spentwash
1,600 22,000
generated (million litres)
Approximate quantity of nutrients in Spentwash
Nitrogen (tonnes) 1,600 22,000
Phosphorus ( tonnes) 320 4400
Potassium (tonnes) 16,000 2,20,000
Value of nutrients (Rs. in crores) 14.24 195.80
Present Agriculture Scenario of nutrient
supply in India
The fertilizer cost has escalated enormously the
demand for fertilizer use is increasing.
Indiscriminate use of fertilizer has deteriorated
soil health.
The availability of organic manures is limited and
organic carbon content of semi arid tropical soils
is very low.
The multi-micronutrients deficiency in soils is
wide spread.

The only alternative to address these problems is


to go for scientific use of Agro- industrial wastes in
agriculture.
Presently available alternatives
for effluent disposal
One time controlled land application
Composting
Ferti-irrigation
Spray drying
Concentration and incineration
Disposal into sea
Challenges of spentwash
utilization in crop production

Odour
Colour
Salt accumulation in soil
Transportation spentwash to fields
Flow Diagram for Zero liquid discharge system

Food and Biotech Engineers


Raw Spent wash

Biomethanation

Multiple effects Forced recirculation Multiple effects falling film evap. plant
evap. plant

Condensate water Concentrate (30% TS)


Concentrate (70-75%) TS) (Recycled)

Used as fuel Used as fuel


in incinerator in boiler after As Bio Composting
Forced recirculation finisher
mixing
o produce Pyrolysis with agro
residue Concentrate (70-75 % TS)
as as a fuel for
Electric generator 8
ood and Biotech Engineers

ADVANTAGES OF CONCENTRATION PLANT

Effluent Volume can be reduced up to 85-87 % (7


times)

Concentrate of 30% TS is used for bio-composting.

Concentrate of 70-75% TS after mixing with agro


residue can be used as fuel in existing boiler, which
give high calorific value

Condensate water coming from evaporator can be


used for
- Make up for cooling water in condenser, and
can be recycled
- Washing of equipments 9
Recycle Molasses based

Recycle Spent wash as a process


water (Care to be taken that product quality is not
affected)

By
Mr. Prasanna Deshpande
Treatment of Spent wash Molasses
Zero Liquid Discharge scheme-M1

BIO GAS

Spent Wash / Vinasse Biodigester Bio -Composting

10-20 % Recycle To Fermentation


(Depends on Molasses Quality)
Treatment of Spent wash Molasses
Zero Liquid Discharge scheme-M2

Spent Wash / Vinasse Biodigester Evaporation


Process
condensate`
Reuse In Final Initial Conc. Product
Process Treatment Treatment To Composing
Treatment of Spent wash Molasses
Zero Liquid Discharge scheme-M3

Spent Wash / Vinasse Evaporation Incineration


(Concentration @ 60%) Boiler
10-20 % Recycle To Fermentation
(Depends on Molasses Quality)
Reduce Generation - Grain
Thin Slops reduce generation

Higher Alcohol Concentration 10 12


% v/v in fermented wash

Indirect Heating in Distillation systems


through Reboiler
Recycle - Grain

Recycle Thin Slops as a process


water up to 35%
Treatment of Thin Slops - Grain
Zero Liquid Discharge scheme-G1

Secondary &
Thin Slops Biodigester
Tertiary
Partly Recycle Land
To Process Application
Treatment of Thin Slops Grain
Zero Liquid Discharge scheme-
G2
Syrup mixed
Thin Slops Evaporation with Wet Cake
DWGS
Partly Recycle
To Process

DDGS
Dryer
Treatment of Other Effluent Streams-
Molasses
PR , FOC COLUMN 1st Stage 2nd Stage
Spent Lees Treatment
Treatment
Evaporation Process
Condensate

Raw Water 3rd Stage Recycle in


Storage Treatment Process
Dilution
in
Distillati To Vinasse Reject to
on Evaporation Composting
Rectifier Fermentati
Lees on
Treatment of Other Effluent Streams-
Grain
Evaporation Process Cooling
Condensate Treatment Tower
Partly
Recycle to Thin Slop
Process Evaporation

FOC Lees

PR Lees Balance
Make up water
Distillat
Rectifie Cooling
ion In
r Lees Tower
Dilution
Process Pump Sealing Water Reuse
system

Process Pumps
From All Sections
Make up

Tank

Total Water Savings = 95 %


Vacuum Pump / AIR Blower Sealing
Water Reuse System

Make up
CWR
Vacuum Pump
/
Air Blower
Cooler
Tank
CWS

Total Water Savings = 95 %


Floor Washing

Molasse
Floor Washings s Treatment

Reuse In
Process

Reuse In
Process
Grain
Utility Reject

Boiler Ash
Boiler Blow down
Quenching

Cooling Tower
Treatment
Blow down Raw water tank

WTP Rejects Field Application


Tree Plantation

Evaporation &
Dryer

You might also like