PS-II Final Presentation

By: Rishi Sharma

2014H106151P
 About The Project
Objective: Combustion modeling of reciprocating grate
furnace using Computational Fluid Dynamics. (CFD)
Organization: Thermax Ltd, Pune
Department: Heating, innovation
Mentor: R.S Jha
Reciprocating grate
 Reciprocating grate
Reciprocating grate utilizes the successive oscillation of
the grate linkage for the continuous movement of the fuel.
Alternate movement of grate blocks pushes the fuel in the
distinct combustion zones of the grate. These zones are
drying, pyrolysis, combustion and burn out.
These are made of super alloy consisting higher chromium
or nickel to provide the desirable mechanical and thermal
resistance
 Combustion
Combustion is a mass and energy conversion process
during which chemical bond energy is transformed to
thermal energy. The fuel reacts with the oxygen of the air
to form products such as carbon dioxide and water which
have a lower enthalpy of formation or reference enthalpy
than the reactants.
Depends on Thermodynamics and chemical kinetics,
wherein the Thermodynamics decide final products and
kinetics decide the rate.
 Why Combustion Modeling?
To achieve higher efficiency and emission reduction from
boilers, a detailed knowledge of the turbulent flow
quantities, gas species, and velocity and temperature
distribution in the combustion chamber is needed.
The complexities involved in modeling combustion
mathematically makes it very difficult, hence application
of CFD techniques have become very significant nowadays
for modeling combustion.
 Coupled Combustion Approach
In this approach fuel bed is physically separated from the rest of
the furnace
Combustion occurs in stages, first of all it starts at the fuel bed
where gaseous products are released from the coal.
Then these gaseous products move to the free board area.
Processes that take place within the bed during combustion, are
solved by using a numerical bed model.
These two models are coupled by boundary conditions at the
common interface.
 Input data for the Project
Species Fraction

CH4 0.07486

N2 .70955

O2 0.21559

Temperature 400k
 Geometry
Geometry has been made in GAMBIT.
 Dimensions
Name Shape Dimensions

Grate (Perforated Base) Square 3373x1454 mm

Base Square 5264x1830mm

Height(H1) - 3097mm

Height(H1) - 1800mm

Primary inlet Hole (1100) 40mm

Secondary inlet Hole(18) 40mm

Outlet Square 675x505

 Mesh Details
Unstructured grid with 2124820 tetrahedral elements
 Solver Details
Commercial code FLUENT is used for the study.
Solver Name Ansys Fluent

Solver details Pressure based

Turbulence Model k-

Energy equation For radiation considerations

Species Non-Premixed combustion (Non-adiabatic)

Radiation P-1

Rich flammability limit 0.95

Ignition method Patching(volume)

 Combusti
on
modeling
Non-
Species
Premixed
Transport
combustion
 Non-Premixed Combustion
In non-premixed combustion, fuel and oxidizer enter the
reaction zone in distinct streams. This is in contrast to
premixed systems, in which reactants are mixed at the
molecular level before burning.
Under certain assumptions, the thermochemistry can be
reduced to a single parameter: the mixture fraction.
 Mixture Fraction
When chemical species react with each other to form
other species, their basic constituents, the chemical
elements are conserved.

Where, m1= mass flux of fuel stream

m2= oxidizer mass flux
Mixture fraction
 Probability Density Function

The Probability Density Function, written as P(z), can be

thought of as the fraction of time that the fluid spends in
the vicinity of the state z.
These are of two types:
Double-delta function
-function
Properties Calculations Using
Pdf table
 Discretization Schemes
Pressure-velocity Coupling Simple Scheme

Gradient Least square cell based

Momentum First order upwind

Turbulent Kinetic energy First order upwind

Turbulent dissipation energy First order upwind

Energy First order upwind

Mean mixture fraction First order upwind

Mean fraction variance First order upwind

Pressure Presto
 Boundary Types
Name Type Direction Value

Primary inlet Mass flow inlet Normal to boundary 1.429

Secondary inlet Mass flow inlet Normal to boundary 0.8769

Outlet Pressure outlet Normal to boundary 0 (gauge pressure)

Walls Wall N/A Temp=483k

Results
Results
Results
Results
Thank you