Goals and Motivation

Simulate the role of environmental

engineers in large scale projects
Analyze the effect the Dam will
have on the environment and local
population, and make
recommendations to mitigate
effects
Assess whether long-term effects
will significantly decrease Dams
lifetime and plan accordingly
 Introduction
Dam
Utilizing Hydropower and Agriculture
Dam Design Details
Ten turbines 1,250 MW Capacity
Length: 10 km
Height: 65 m
Reservoir Length: 170 km
 TO DO
Calculate hydropower under different
scenarios of climate change:
Last 10 years
Wetter climate
Drier climate
Make recommendations to dam
design
 Potential Hydropower

Power = Qh
= g

= density of water = 1000 [kg/m3]

g = gravity = 9.8 [m/s2]
Q = flow at dam [m3/s]
h = drop in head between intake to powerhouse and outlet to
river [m]
 Erosion: Sources of River
Sediments
Travels through the
Mahanadi River
The sediment load
is most significant
during flood season
(July-Oct.)
~140 million tones
per year
 Transportation
Suspended Load
particulates that travel
while suspended in the
water column
Distribution:
30% Clay (<0.002 mm)
40% Silt (0.002-0.02
mm)
30% Fine Sand (0.02-
0.2 mm)
High level of total
suspension
 Reservoir
Deposition I
When river flow enters a reservoir, its
velocity and transport capacity is reduced
and its sediment load is deposited.
The depositional pattern usually starts
with coarser material depositing first
followed by the fine creating a delta.
Factors
Detention Time
Shape of reservoir
Operating procedures
 Reservoir
Deposition II
 Hand Calculations

Calculating QS (Flow of Sediments) from

Q (Flow)
Find Hydrograph with corresponding
Sediment Load Concentrations
Convert Load from concentration (mg/L)to
volume (m3)
Do linear regression to determine
correlation between QS and Q; breaking
the hydrograph into two sections,
monsoon, and non-monsoon.
Extrapolate over 10 year monthly data set
to have QS
 Hand Calculations

Calculating Trapping Efficiency 1st

Round
Brunes Curve
C = Capacity
I = Inflow
C
T
I
 Dams Threat to Public
Health
Stagnant water in reservoirs and
irrigation ditches provide habitat for
vectors
Constant supply of water - Dry
season no longer limits vectors
Merowe Dam expected to increase
incidence of Malaria,
Schistosomiasis, River Blindness and
Rift Valley Fever
 Recommendations
Malaria Whenever possible,
relocate communities outside of
mosquito flight range
River Blindness Stop flow over
spillways for two days every two
weeks over wet season to inhibit
blackfly breeding
More to come (hopefully)
 Difficulties
TOO BROAD
Model is stupid
Conflicting expectations