Morphology &

Syntax

Practice

May
Nguyn Hng Oanh, M.A.
 Section 1:
MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 1:
What are the functional
morphemes in the following
sentence?
When he arrived in the morning, the old man
had an umbrella and a large plastic bag full of
books.
Answer:
Functional morphemes are: When, he,
the, an, and, a, of
6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 2
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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 2:
(a) List the bound morphemes in these words:
fearlessly, misleads, previewer, shortened,
unhappier
(b) Which of these words has a bound stem:
construct, deceive, introduce, repeat?
(c) In which of the following examples should
the a be treated as a bound morpheme? a
boy, apple, atypical, AWOL
(d) Which of these words contains an allomorph
of the morpheme past tense: are, have,
must, sitting, waits?

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 2:
(a) -less, -ly, mis-, -s, pre-, -er, -en, -ed,
un-, -er
(b) all of them.
construct, deceive, introduce, repeat
(c) atypical
(d) none of them

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 3:
What are the inflectional
morphemes in these expressions?
(a) Have you eaten yet?
(b) Do you know how long Ive been
waiting?
(c) Shes younger than me and always
dresses in the latest style.
(d) We looked through my
grandmothers old photo albums.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 3:
(a) Have you eaten yet?
(b) Do you know how long Ive been
waiting?
(c) Shes younger than me and always
dresses in the latest style.
(d) We looked through my
grandmothers old photo albums.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 4:
What are the allomorphs of the morpheme
plural in this set of English words?
criteria, dogs, oxen, deer, judges, stimuli
Answer:
criteria
dogs
oxen
deer {}
judges
stimuli

6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 7

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 5:
What is reduplication?

Answer:
Reduplication means repeating all or
part of a form, as a way of indicating,
for example, that a noun is plural or a
verb is in the future.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 6:
The selection of appropriate allomorphs is
based on three different effects: lexical
conditioning, morphological conditioning or
phonological conditioning.
What type of conditioning do you think is
involved in the relationship between the words
in each of the following pairs?
1. stitch stitches
2. exclaim exclamation
3. child children
4. conclude conclusion
5. cliff cliffs
6. tooth teeth
6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 9
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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 7:
What is suppletion? Was there an
example of an English suppletive form
described in this chapter?

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 8:
What happens in the morphological
process known as vowel mutation or
vowel alternation?
Were there any examples in this
lesson?

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 9:
Identify
the number of morphemes in
each of the given words. Complete the
table below.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 10:
Identifythe bound morpheme(s) in
each of the given words. Complete the
table given below.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 11:
Underline
the base in each of the given
words. Complete the table given below.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 12:
Identify
the meaning of the affix in of
each of the given words. Complete the
table below.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 13:
What is the origin of the word nitwit?

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 14:
What is the difference between etymology and
entomology?
ANSWER:
Etymology is the study and origin and history of
a word.
Entomology is the study of insects.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 15:
In Kamhmu, the word sal means to put an
ornament in the ear. What would be the word
for an ear ornament?
ANSWER:
Rules of changing verbs into nouns in the
Kamhmu language
Inset [rn] behind the first consonant of the verb
A srnal: an ear ornament

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 16:
Identifythe meaning of the bound base
in the given sets of words. Complete
the table.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 17:
Identifythe meaning of bound base in
each of the given words.
Then give as many words with the
same bound base as you can.
Complete the table.

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 18:
Comment on the following definition of
words.
A word is a group of morphemes that
have meaning.
ANSWER:
nh

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 19:
Are bound morphemes and affixes
similar to each other?
ANSWER:
nn

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 20:
If
roots are usually free, do we really
need both terms root and free
morpheme?
ANSWER:

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 21:
A word can contain no more than one root.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain
your answer with specific examples.
ANSWER:
No, I dont because of the following reasons.
There are two main kinds of complex word: ones with a
single free root, and the other with a single bound root.
In English, there are words with more than one root, and
they are compounds. These compounds are made of two
(or more) free roots.
In addition, there are complex words which contain two
(or more) bound roots.
6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 24
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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 22:
How to distinguish inflectional from
derivational morphemes?
ANSWER:

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 23:
Derivational morphemes are both
similar to and different from lexical
morphemes.
How can you support this statement?
Use specific examples in your answer.
ANSWER:
Nh

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 24:
What type of morphemes has
allomorphs? Give specific examples to
support your answer.
ANSWER:
Nh

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 25:
Whatis the relationship between
morphs, allomorphs and morphemes?
ANSWER:
Nh

6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 28

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 26:
How do you distinguish morphemes
from phonemes, syllables and words?
ANSWER:
N

6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 29

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 27:
Analyze the following words into their
constituent morphemes, giving a
meaning to each morpheme.
e.g.:
* preordained:
pre- before; ordain, ed- past tense/past
participle
* incapacitate:
in- not; capacity(y), - ate change noun to
verb
6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 30
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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 28:
Which of the following items is an
English word? Support your answer.
1) ationizealnationde (ation-ize-al-nation-de)
2) alizedeationnation (al-ize-de-ation-nation)
3) denationalization (de-nation-al-ize-ation)

6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 31

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 29:
Decide the number of morphemes that
make up each of the following words.
To do that, divide each word into their
individual morphemes.
Some of the words may be just 1
morpheme and therefore indivisible.

6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 32

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 30:
Describe the characteristics of inflectional
morphemes. Give one example of each.
ANSWER: Inflectional morphemes
Do not have any clear lexical meaning;
Have only clear sense in a sentence;
Are only found in suffixes in English;
Has no change of meaning;
Never change the syntactic category of the
words or morpheme to which they are
attached;
Are always attached to completed words;
Typically follow derivational morphemes.
6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 33
 Section 1:
MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 31:
Explain why a and an are two
allomorphs of the same morpheme.
ANSWER:
A and an are two allomorphs of the
morpheme {a} because:
a and an have the same meaning:
ONE
They are in complementary distribution:
a occurs before consonants, e.g.: a university,
a house, a train
an occurs before vowels and diphthongs, e.g.:
an apple, an hour, an earing
6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 34
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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 32:
Why is it said that a WORD COMPOUND
is a solid block?
Answer:

6/7/17 Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 35

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 33: Doornob: compounding
Name the word- Telly: clipping
formation
Nylon: coinage
process of each
Porter: port + -er:
of the following
words. derivation
Silence (v): conversion
Radar: acronym
Chunnel: blending
Cantana: borrowing
ESL: acronym
Televise: back formation

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Morphology-Syntax PRACTICE 36
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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 34:

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MORPHOLOGY
Exercise 35:

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MORPHOLOGY

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 Section 2: SYNTAX

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