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Particle size distribution

Presented by :- KOMAL AGARWAL and


RICHA CHATURVEDI
SIEVE ANALYSIS
1. SIEVE ANALYSIS:-

COARSE SIEVING:- FINE SIEVING:-

Oven Oven
Brush Brush
IS sieve of sizes 100, 63, IS sieve of size 2mm,
20, 10, and 4.75 mm. 1.0mm, 600 425, 300,
Balances 212, 150, 75 micron.
Tray Tray
Mechanical shaker
PROCEDURE:-
COARSE SIEVING :- FINE SIEVING :-
take the soil sample and Wash the sample after passing through
4.75 mm sieve.
sieve it first through the 2 gms of sodium hexametaphosphate
first set of IS sieve i.e. 100, is added per litre of water used.
washing should be done till the water
63, 20, 10 and 4.75 mm passing through 75 micron sieve is
Sieving is done in clean.
mechanical shaker for at The fraction retained on 75 micron
sieve is dried and dried portion is then
least 5 to 10 minutes. re- sieved through the second set of
Now wt. The material sieve.
retained on each sieve to i.e from 2mm, 1.0mm, 600 425, 300, 212,
1.0 gm. 150, 75 micron.
And then percentage finer The portion passing through 75 micron
sieve is dried and its mass is determined
is calculated. to get % finer than 75 micron size.
Sieve size wt. %wt. Cumulative %finer (N)
Retained(g retained wt.
m) Retained
80mm 5 5 5 95

40mm 25 25 30 70

20mm 35 35 65 35

10mm 15 15 80 20

4.75mm 20 20 100 0

total= 100gm
SEDIMENTATION Mtd.
1. PIPETTE Mtd.

APPARATUS :-
- a pipette
a jar or boiling tube
number of sampling bottles of 500 ml capacity.
PROCEDURE:-

- soil suspension is made :-


About 12 to 30 gm of oven-dried sample is weighed and mixed with distilled
water in a dish to form a smooth paste
a dispersing agent is added to the soil ( de flocculating agent)
Here 33 gm of sodium hexametaphosphate + sodium carbonate is added in
distilled water to make one litre of solution
25 ml of this solution is added to the dish and the mixture is warmed gently for
about 10 minutes.
The contents are then transferred to the cup of mechanical mixer and the soil
suspension is then stirred well for 15 minutes.
Now the suspension is washed through 75 micron sieve using jet of water and
the suspension, passed through the sieve is transferred to the 500 ml capacity
of boiling tube.

-
PROCEDURE:-

The tube is then filled to the 500 mark, by adding distilled


water
Tube is then put in constant temperature water bath
The soil suspension is thoroughly shaken by inverting the
tube several times and then replaced from the bath.
The stop watch is then started, and soil samples are
collected at various time intervals.( , 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30 )
CALCULATION :-

10 ml samples are collected from the soil suspension from depth of


10 cm, with the help of pipette, at various time intervals.
Samples are then collected into the weighing bottles or sampling
bottles and kept in the oven for drying.
The mass Md per ml of suspension is calculated as:-
Md = dry mass sample in the weighing bottle
Vp
% finer is calculated as:-
N = (Md m/V ) * 100
Md/V
where, m = mass of dispersing agent present in total
suspension of volume V
V = vol. Of suspension = 500 ml
N =N% finer based on Md.
HYDROMETER Mtd.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:-

Hydrometer
Jars (two)
Mechanical stirrer
Balance
Stop watch
Sieve 75 micron
Centimetre scale
Distilled water
Soil weighing dish
PROCEDURE :-
Soil suspension preparation is same as in pipette mtd.
But the volume of sample is 100 ml.
So, double the quantity of dry soil and dispersing agent.
Stop watch is started and the hydrometer is slowly inserted
in the jar and reading are taken at , 1, 2 minutes time
interval
Then hydrometer is taken out.
CALIBRATION OF
HYDROMETER
CALCULATION:-

He
Diameter
% finer (N)
DETERMINATION OF He

He = ( H + h/2+ Vh /2A )- Vh/A


Calculation of D and N :-

D = 10-5 F He /t
where, F = 10 3000
( G 1)
m

% finer ( N ) = N * M/M
Where N = 100G R/ Md ( G 1)
Where Md = R * ( G / G-1 )/1000
M = cumulative mass passing
through 2 mm sieve
M = total dry mass of the soil
sample

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