GOOD

MORNING
RESEARCH
PROCESS
 FF

FF
REVIEW
CONCEPTS
AND
THEORIES
DEFINE FORMULATE DESIGN COLLECT ANALYSIS INTERPRET
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS RESEARCH DATA DATA AND REPOR
PROBLEM

F
REVIEW F
RESEARCH
FINDINGS

F---REFERS TO FEEDBACK
FF---REFERS TO FEED FORWARD
 1. FORMULATING THE RESEARCH
PROBLEM

STEPS IN FORMULATING THE PROBLEM:

 Understanding the problem thoroughly.
 Rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an
analytical point of view.

LITERATURE REVIEWED:
 Conceptual literature
 Empirical literature.
2. EXTENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY

Some steps are to be undertaken that are:

 Abstracting and indexing journals
 Published or unpublished bibliographies

Others steps must be tapped depending on the

nature of problem:
 Academic journals
 Conference proceedings
 Govt. reports
 Books
 3. DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis refers to tentative assumption made in
order to draw out and test its logical or empirical
consequences.

ROLE OF HYPOTHESIS:
 Guide the researcher by delimiting the area of
research.
 Keep the person on right track.
 Sharpens the thinking.
 Focus attention on more important points.
 4. PREPARING RESEARCH DESIGN
Based on :
 Means of obtaining the information.
 Availability of skills of researcher and staff.
 Time available for research
 Cost factor relating to the research.

RESEARCH PURPOSES RESEARCH DESIGN

Exploration Experimental design
Descriptive Non experimental design
Diagnosis
Experimentation
 5. DETERMINING SAMPLE DESIGN

SAMPLING DESIGN BASED ON

PROBABILITY NON PROBABILITY

SAMPLING SAMPLING

SIMPLE RANDOM CONVIENCE

SYSTEMATIC JUDGEMENT
STRATIFIED QUOTA
CLUSTER
MULTISTAGE
SEQUENTIAL
 6. COLLECTING THE DATA

Ways through which data can be collected:

 By observation
 Through personal interview
 Through telephone interview
 By mailing of questionnaires
 Through schedules
 7. EXECUTION OF PROJECT

 Should be conducted in the systematic manner.

 Proper arrangement should be made according to the

requirement.

 Methods should be adopted for securing the

response from the people who are not cooperated.
 8. ANALYSIS OF DATA

Operations are performed:

 Establishment of categories.

 Application of these categories to raw data through

coding, editing, tabulation and then drawing statistical
interferences.
 9. HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Hypothesis testing is done to check whether the facts

support the hypothesis or not.

It can be done through:

 F TEST
 T TEST
 CHISQUARE TEST
 Z TEST
 10. GENERALISATION AND
INTERPRETATION

Generalization refers to build a theory when the

hypothesis is also there.

Interpretation is based on the theory when there is no

hypothesis.
 11. PREPARATION OF REPORT

Important things to be kept in mind while preparing

report:

 Report should include preliminary pages, main text,

end matter.
 Report should be concise and simple.
 Charts and illustrations should be used.
 Include experienced during the research.
THANK YOU