Construction

Management
 Management

According to F.W. TAYLOR

Management is a knowledge of exactly what is to be done
and seeing how is to be done in the best and cheapest way.
According to Henry Fayol
To manage is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate
and to control.
According to Appley
Management is a development of people .it is selection
,training, supervision and development of people.

 According to Terry
Management is a distinct process consisting of planning,
organising, actuating, controlling, performance to determine
and accomplish the objective by the use of people and
resources.
According to Koontz and ODonnel
Management is a art of getting things through and with
people in formally organized group.
According to Drucker
It is economic organ of industrial society. It means taking
action to make the desired result.
 Project Management
Project management is the discipline of
initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and
closing the work of a team to achieve specific
goals and meet specific success criteria.
Project management is the art and science of
converting the client vision in to reality
working efficiently ,effectively and safely.
 Cont...

British standard BS 6079 Project Management as

the planning, monitoring , controlling of all
aspects of a project and motivation of all those
involved in it to achieve the projective objectives
on time and to the specified cost , quality and
performance

According to ISO : Project Management includes

the planning, organising, monitoring and
controlling of all aspects of the project in a
continuous process to achieve its objectives.
 Cont..

Project Management institute of USA : Project

Management as the application of knowledge ,
skills, tools and techniques to project activities in
order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and
expectations from a project.
Project Management is the art of managing all
the aspects of a project from inception to closure
using a scientific and structured methodology.
 Construction Management
Introduction
It is deals with the group of people of different
categories work together , to execute the project
economically without affecting the quality of work.

CM is the overall planning, coordination & control of

a project from start to end.
 Construction Management
Definition
CM is the application of knowledge, skills,
tools, techniques to a broad range of activities
to meet the requirements of a particular
project.
 Functions of CM
Specifying project objectives
Plan including scope, budget, schedule
Maximizing resource efficiency
Implementing various operations
Develop effective communication
 Objective of Construction
Management
To make construction more durable
To design the structure economical and
complete structure within budget.
To plan human resource as well as material
resource and complete the work in schedule
time.
To create such a environment in a organization
so that everybody to feel work.
 Project goal
Owner client goal
Project team goal
Architect engineers goal
Construction team goal
 Owner client goal

The best facility for maximize profit at

reasonable cost.
On time completion -
Completion with budget
A good project safety -
 Project team goal
Direction and co ordination of all facts of the
project ,
project schedule,
budget,
quality and performance of contract.
 Architect Engineers goal
Delivering design documents for facility
outside group or from owner
Make a profit on each project
Finish on time and safety owner
Design within budget
Finish quality per contract
Maintain company reputation and reduce
selling expense.
 Construction team goal
Make a profit from each project
Finish on time
Build within a budget
Finish quality per contract
Finish the job safety
Get repeat business
 Responsibility of Project Manager
Team building
Monitor and control of process
Scheduling and finances
Resource Management
Coordination with various heads of
departments, head office and out side
agencies.
 Role of project manager
Figurehead role
legal and social head of project
Leadership role

Liaison role
Maintain contacts outside the organisation
Monitoring
Focus is on planned baseline for performing task, implementing time,
cost quality
Disseminator
Transmits the relevant information received from external source
Spokesperson
Act as a representative of client for communication with external
parties.
 Entrepreneur
Identifies opportunities to promote interests of project.
Disturbance handling
Must maintain organizational harmony by resolving
conflicts.
Resources allocation
He allocate the project resources and making changes in
allocation which are necessary.
Negotiator
He must negotiate important conflict issues and business
related matter with out side agencies.
 TQM (Total Quality Management)
It is application of scientific principles and skill
to improve the product and service supplies to
an organization.
 TQM is an approach for improving the
effectiveness and flexibility of a business.
TQM means quest for excellence, creating the
right attitudes and controls to make
prevention of defects possible and optimize
customer satisfaction by increased efficiency
and effectiveness.
 Total Quality Management
The way of managing organization to achieve
excellence
Total everything
Quality degree of excellence
Management art, act or way of organizing,
controlling, planning, directing to achieve
certain goals
 Quality

The ability of your product or service to

satisfy your customers.
Meeting quality expectations as defined by
the customer

Integrated organizational effort designed to

improve quality of processes at every business
level
 Total Quality Is
Meeting Our Customers Requirements

Doing Things Right the First Time; Freedom from

Failure (Defects)

Consistency (Reduction in Variation)

Continuous Improvement

Quality in Everything We Do
 Harvard professor David Garvin, in his book
Managing Quality summarized five principal
approaches to define quality.

Transcendent(I know it when I see it)

Product based (processes desired features )
User based (fitness fir uses)
Manufacturing based (Conforms to
requirements)
Value based ( at an acceptable cost)
 What is TQM?

TQM is the integration of all functions and

processes within an organization in order to
achieve continuous improvement of the quality
of goods and services. The goal is customer
satisfaction.
 Total Quality Management means that the
organization's culture is defined by and
supports the constant attainment of customer
satisfaction through an integrated system of
tools, techniques, and training. This involves
the continuous improvement of organizational
processes, resulting in high quality products
and services
 Whats the goal of TQM?

Do the right things right the first

time, every time.

Total Quality Management

 Objectives of TQM:

Process improvement
Defect prevention
Priority of effort
Developing cause-effect relationships
Measuring system capacity
Developing improvement checklist and check forms
Helping teams make better decisions
Developing operational definitions
Separating trivial from significant needs
Observing behaviour changes over a period of time
 Another way to put it
At its simplest, TQM is all managers leading
and facilitating all contributors in everyones
two main objectives:
(1) total client satisfaction through quality
products and services; and
(2) continuous improvements to processes,
systems, people, suppliers, partners, products,
and services.
Total Quality Management
 Basic Tenets of TQM
1. The customer makes the ultimate determination
of quality.
2. Top management must provide leadership and
support for all quality initiatives.
3. Preventing variability is the key to producing
high quality.
4. Quality goals are a moving target, thereby
requiring a commitment toward continuous
improvement.
5. Improving quality requires the establishment of
effective metrics. We must speak with data and
facts not just opinions.
Total Quality Management
 The TQM System
Objective Continuous
Improvement

Principles Customer Process Total

Focus Improvement Involvement

Leadership
Elements Education and Training Supportive structure
Communications Reward and recognition
Measurement

Total Quality Management

 Basic Concepts of TQM
Customer Focus

Continuous Process Improvement - Kaizen

Employee Empowerment Everyone is responsible for

quality

Quality is free - focus on defect prevention rather than

defect detection for it is always cheaper to do it right
the first time
 Benchmarking Legally stealing other
peoples ideas

Customer-Supplier Partnerships

Management by fact..by numbers..by data

Balanced scoreboard (financial, customer,
process, learning)
 Total Quality management can be divided into
four categories:
Plan
Do
Check
Act
Also referred to as PDCA cycle.
 Planning Phase
Planning is the most crucial phase of total quality
management. In this phase employees have to
come up with their problems and queries which
need to be addressed. They need to come up
with the various challenges they face in their day
to day operations and also analyze the problems
root cause. Employees are required to do
necessary research and collect relevant data
which would help them find solutions to all the
problems.
 Doing Phase
In the doing phase, employees develop a
solution for the problems defined in planning
phase. Strategies are devised and
implemented to overcome the challenges
faced by employees. The effectiveness of
solutions and strategies is also measured in
this stage.
 Checking Phase
Checking phase is the stage where people
actually do a comparison analysis of before
and after data to confirm the effectiveness of
the processes and measure the results.
 Acting Phase
In this phase employees document their
results and prepare themselves to address
other problems.
 Elements of TQM
Leadership commitment commitment of top
management is consider as a key factor in
implementing TQM. Members of top management
must lead TQM efforts.
Recognition and rewards recognition is the process
where by management shows acknowledgement of
employees outstanding performance.
Education and Training - Education and Training of all
the employees from top to bottom are fundamental
building blocks for successful implementation of TQM
l
 Customer orientation- Customer is a king.
Customer satisfaction is most important aspect of
TQM.
Teamwork and employee empowerment-
Purpose of teamwork is to have all people
involved in a process, working to achieve
common goal.
Feedback mechanism- for success of TQM
program Feedback mechanism for both external
and internal customers need to develop
 Project Management Phases
Project identification
Project preparation
Project appraisal
Project approval
Project planning
Project initiation
Project implementation
Project monitoring and control
Project evaluation
 Project identification

Project identification is the initial phase of the

project development cycle.
It begins with the conceiving of ideas or intentions
to set up a project. These ideas are then
transformed into a project.
High priority to possible to finance whether
govt. and users are interested in project.
Cost of project should be less than benefit.
 Essential characteristics of projects
:
Objectives
Expected outputs
Intended beneficiaries
Planned lifespan
Extended outcome of the project
Principle stakeholders
Financial plan and source of financing

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 Four aspects examine identification stage
1. functional aspect
2. location and site
3. construction aspect
4. operational aspect
 Selection of project involves the following
aspect:
Project idea should be consistent with
government policies, conformity with
environmental regulation and licensing
requirement.
The idea should be compatible with objective and
Resources of the entrepreneur promoting project.
 The proposed project must be enable to
realise acceptable returns on investment.
the input required for such as capital
requirement, availability of raw material ,
power supply etc.
 Project Preparation
It is important phase and decided whether the
project should be executed or not.
This is pre investment exercise to determine
whether to invest, where to invest when to
invest and how to invest.
 Project Preparation consists of all the work
necessary to ensure that a proposed project is
feasible and appropriate and that it can be
successfully implemented.
The process ensures the identification and
elimination of key risks at the earliest possible
time and maximises development opportunities
by ensuring that projects are well conceptualised.
 Systematic and effective Project Preparation is
important for these reasons
Project risks are managed and controlled.
Scarce implementation resources (e.g. capital funding) are
optimally utilized and are only allocated to viable projects.
Projects are well conceptualized and planned.
Development is appropriately tailored to local needs and is
integrated in nature.
Projects are supported by the key stakeholders (including
the community, municipality, funders and implementation
partners).
Government and other funders can predict and therefore
manage their cash flows by enhancing the predictability of
project outcomes and timeframes for implementation.
Project Preparation carried out in two
stages
1. Preliminary project study (Preliminary project
study )
if result are clearly unfavourable further work
should be stopped.
- if result are found to be favourable further
works are carried out.
To know weather report is favourable
following factor consider
Demand
Preliminary technical feasibility
Alternative location
Benefits
Method of implementation
2. feasibility study
Purpose is to examine

Project need
Analysis of existing condition
Demand and supply analysis
Technical Analysis
Social impact consideration
Financial Aspect
Economical aspect
Implementation aspect
 Project appraisal
It provide compressive review of all aspect of
project.
 Project approval
In this stage of project cycle discussion takes
place in between the project authorities and
financial Institution or govt.dept to ensure
success of project.
 Appraised report needs clearance from
concerned agencies and departments
depending upon the type of project.
CEA (Central Electricity Authority)
CWC (Central Water Commission )
NHA ( National Highway Authority)
NAAI (National Airport Authority India)
MOEP ( Ministry of Environmental and forest )
 After getting clearances all major projects in
public sector needs approval of committee of
secretaries known as a Public Investment
Board (PIB)
The committee is headed by Secretary of
Expenditure, Secretary of Planning
Commission , Secretary of Administrative
Ministry which Sponsors the proposal,
Secretary of Ministry of Industries.
 The main aspect of project approval related to
plan and other assumption made by project
authority regarding
Location
Gastation period
Life of project
Choice of technology and technical feasibility,
capital cost
 Project planning

Before starting of every project planning is

done.
Planning for a project is very imp task and
should be done with great care.
Efficiency and economy both are depending
upon planning.
While planning project each and every details
should be worked out in anticipation carefully
considering all relevant provision in advance.
 Objects of Project Planning
To reduce uncertainty
To improve efficiency of the operation
To obtain better understanding of the
objective
To provide basis for monitoring and controlling
work
Project implementation
sss
Project monitoring and control
 PROJECT CONTROL
Acts which seek to reduce differences between
plan and actuality
Difficult Task
human behavior involved
problems rarely clear cut
 Purposes of Control
Stewardship of Organizational Assets
physical asset control
human resources
financial control
Regulation of Results Through the Alteration
of Activities
Project evaluation
THANK
YOU...