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DR L.LAKSMIASANTI SP S(K)
Tata Laksana nyeri
Apakah itu ?
Nyeri
Definitions:
Nyeri adalah pengalaman sensorik dan emosi yang
tidak menyenangkan dimana berhubungan dengan
kerusakan jaringan atau potensial terjadi kerusakan
jaringan.
nyeri tidaklah selalu berhubungan dengan derajat
kerusakan jaringan yang dijumpai.
nyeri bersifat individual yang dipengaruhi oleh
genetik, latar belakang kultural, umur dan jenis
kelamin
Nyeri sering tidak mendapat pengobatan tepat
Tipe nyeri
1. Acute
2. keganasan
3. Kronik non-malignant
Major Categories of Pain
50-100% increase
Mild pain
1-3/10
Tata laksana nyeri
Recovery
Operation
Strong
opioids
Weak
opioids +/-
non-
Non- opioids
opioids World of Misery
Non-pharmacological
methods
Interventional Pain Management
merupakan prosedur invasif yg minimal
yang dpt memberikan kesembuhan yang
permanent atau jangka panjang.
Mengisi kekosongan antara terapi obat2an
dan tindakan operatif/invasif berat.
Problem 2 di punggung bg
bawah/ problems in low back
pain
Back Pain
Ligaments
Tendons
Bones
Facet joints
Muscles
Discs (the outer rim of the disc, the annulus, can be a
source of significant back pain due to its rich nerve supply
and tendency towards injury)
- Anatomy
Lesson #1
The Intervertebral Disc
Berupa jelly berbenyuk donat
berguna sebagai bantalan thd
trauma
Pathogenesis:
- herniated disc
- lumbar spinal stenosis
- degenerative disc disease
- spondylolisthesis
Prognosis: baik
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Menahan flexi
MRI:
Jika sdh 6 minggu dengan gejala sciatika
New England Journal of Medicine (February 2001)
Why discourage routine
imaging for non-specific low
back pain?
MRI studies have revealed lumbar disc abnormalities in
up to three-quarters of asymptomatic subjects, including
those with no previous history of LBP, sciatica or
neurogenic claudication. (Sheehan NJ. Postgrad Med J.
2010; 86: 374-8)
Spondilolithesis
Bergesernya corpus
vertebrae satu dg yang
lain
Corpus vertebra
umumnya segaris
hingga canalis spinalis
berbentuk tabung
Spondylolithesis
Nyeri pantat
Penyebab umumnya
Piriformis syndrome
Ischial tuberosity .
Rupture of gluteal ms.
Predominat leg pain
Dermatomal
Pivd ,post herpetic pain Non dermatomal
axial paramedian
Terapi
Walking is best exercise
Physical therapy for core stabilization
Spinal manipulation & manual therapy
Pharmacotherapy
Application of heat or ice
Acupuncture
Intervensional injection
operation
Physical Treatment Options
Exercise (stabilization training)
Neutral position
Soft tissue mobilization
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (
Electrothermal therapy
Complementary measures (acupuncture;
relaxation/hypnotic/biofeedback therapy)
Spinal manipulative therapy
Multidisciplinary treatment programs (back
schools/education/counseling/pain clinic)
Pharmacotherapy Options*
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Muscle relaxants
Opioid analgesics
Corticosteroids
NSAIDs
Topical analgesics
* Except for certain opioids, none of these agents are indicated for chronic LBP.
Interventional Treatment Options
Neural blockade
selective nerve root blocks
facet joint blocks, medial branch blocks
Si joint
caudoepidural
Neurolytic techniques
radiofrequency neurotomies
pulse radio frequency
Stimulatory techniques
spinal cord stimulation
peripheral nerve stimulation
Intrathecal medication pumps
delivery into spinal cord and brain via CSF
Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy
IPM pd
piriformis
syndr
caudoepidural Transforaminal epidural
When to Refer for Surgical Consultation