SciED 306: Trends and

Researches in Science and

Education
How to write and Publish a Scientific Paper
(A Project-Oriented Course)
Starting from your field of interest, we will tackle
one of the main questions a scholar has to ask him
or herself, how to publish?
First of all, we will introduce you to the academic world and why it is
important to publish your work.
The second part of the course will help you to understand how to
define the importance of your research in your field, in what sense
your research is creative and innovative in your field.
The third part focuses on the article itself and answers question about
how to construct an article. What are the rules concerning the
abstract and the bibliography?
Final Checks
Why is publishing important?
Well, by putting your ideas together in a resourceful way and publishing it,
it allows you to share your results.
It is about participating in your field and communicating your finding to be
more knowledge on your topic. If scientists kept their results in the lab,
There will be no real world progress.
It can also help you feel stronger about your work by getting important
criticism back from reviewers who are experts in your field.
It also enables you to get familiar with other academics working on your
topic and familiar with journals and conferences that might be interesting
for you.
Furthermore, if you are thinking about continuing your academic life, well
publishing is extremely important.
Practice Quiz
Why is publishing important? (multiple good
answers)
To advance academic knowledge

Because it will improve your career

To share results with the rest of the society

Because you have to, as a researcher

Because it gives you feedbacks on your own work

If you are not yet convinced by the utility of
spreading your knowledge, take a look at those
links:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZgJUJ-c1Z0
http://www.livescience.com/topics/wearable-technology/
http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2015/12/04/Top-10-scientific-
discoveries-of-2015/8651449249859/
Of course, there are hundreds of opportunities to apply the results of a
research.
Know your community (KYC)
Knowing the academic context of your research,
help you define the importance of your research
The questions to consider :
Which academic conferences are important for your research?
Which Journals are relevant to your research?
What important theories or concepts in your particular research
domain?
Who are the influential researchers?
Learn as you go!
General guidelines on knowing your community process has two
aspects
1. Making precise research (more than applied or basic math)
2. Discovering researchers working on your topic
1. Look into academic papers
2. Your work is to classify those papers into groups: essential papers and
related papers
3. Identifying academic conferences and journals will help you discover the
ecosystem of the community.
4. Visit research centers, labs, or making recent 10 years bibliography
1. What is one of the important works explained
when you start your research? (one good answer)

To know your research philosophy

To know your research community

To know your research capacity

2. Is there a unique standard way to develop your
knowledge on your research community? Or do
you learn your way of doing as you go? (one good
answer

Yes, there is a unique standard way to do so! I just need to follow

that way!

No, I learn as we go and I need to develop my own way of doing.

3. What are the ways suggested to know your
research community? (several good answers)

By identifying research journals

By listening to your favorite music
By identifying research conferences
By visiting nearby research centers
By visiting nearby research laboratories
By making a recent 10 years bibliography of your research
topic
By watching your favorite films
How journals work: the review process
The keyword is peer review system.
What does this mean?
1. Anonymity
2. acceptance ratio
3. time scale
4. content's accuracy.
What is the keyword on reviewing? (one good
answer)
Pure revise system

Pier resort system

Peer review system

2. Who does mainly read your article when you
submit it to a journal? (one good answer)

Editors of other research journals

Reviewers in your own research field

3. The review process is characterized by:
o___________,
oAcceptance ratio,
oTime scale,
oContent accuracy.

(one good answer)

1. Anonymity
2. Creditability
3. Accountability
4. Each journal tries to ensure the Speed, Quality,
Transparency, Fairness And the __________ of the
review system.
In this context, because of recent development of ICT (Information &
Communication Technology), some journals try to develop a new
publication system. (one good answer)

1. reputation
2. efficiency
3. Correct
4. profitability
Presentation of scientific journals
We're going to talk about academic journals work.
Understanding how academic journals work is important because it is
through the process of paper submission that your work can get
published. If you understand this, you improve your chance to avoid a
desk reject.
Tailor your paper for an academic journal

To sum up, when submitting a paper to an academic journal, you have

to look for, first, the editorial board and its composition.
That allows you to look into the kind of research the editors are
doing, and what their areas of expertise are.
You can then check if the paper you want to submit is coherent with
the editorial line of the journal.
You can also adapt the paper so that it fits with what the editors are
looking for.
 Second, look at the type of articles that are most referenced in the
journal.
It is essential that you include references that are most commonly
cited in publications in this journal, especially in your field of
interest. This shows that you share the same language and belong to
the same scientific community.
By tailoring your paper for one academic journal, hence one editor,
you minimize the desk reject risk.
There are several elements that are key in the
communication with the editors in the submission
process, namely, the abstract and the cover letter.
The cover letter will focus on your research and motivations and why
you think that this journal is a good match for the publication of this
research. It is a key element to give essential complementary
information to the editors.
The abstract, on the other hand, will sum up what is key in your
research and will most of the time be the first thing people read when
looking at your article
Compatibility between paper submission and
editorial board
We ask you to
Step 1: Go to the website of the journal you have selected as
compatible with your paper (see sections "Know Your Community" and
"Know Your Paper"). Look at the editorial board and identify the editor
who would likely be in charge of finding reviewers for your paper.
Step 2: Based on your review of the editorial board and the likely
editor, make a list of relevant references that you should include in your
submission to this academic journal.
What key communication elements have to
be taken particularly good care of when
submitting a paper to an academic journal?
(several good answers)
The Cover Letter
The Bibliography
The Methodology
The Literature Review
The Abstract
Intellectual Property AND Ethical Guidelines
Intellectual Property
When you published, what you write is no longer owned by you but of the
publishing firm
It means that you cannot just copy paste. (copyrighting/citation)
Publishing differs from Patent
Look for conflict of interest
Open access, subscription based have differing consenting
Ethical Guidelines
Authorship
What is considered to be an author of an article
Misconduct
Fraud
Publishing based on fake data, altered data
Duplicate
aside from submitting into two journals,
also submitting equivalent findings in two separated papers
Publishing the same result in different journals although of different language
Citing
Failure to cite the work of others related to the subject
Plagiarism
Taking the work of others and publishing it under your name.
In most cases the copyright is given to the journal, but with the rise of open-access
article, there are more and more journal that does not require the "giving the
copyright" part. If you want more information on open-access article and why it is
both a contested and approved new way of publishing go to these articles from
Science and Nature:

Nature/Science:
http://www.nature.com/news/dutch-lead-european-push-to-flip-journals-to-open-access-1.19111
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/58
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/338/6110/1018

As open-access article is a hot topic a lot of articles are being written on the subject so feel free to add yours in some forum!

On the other hand, there are a ton of guidelines examples, here are a few of them:

Chemistry: http://www.euchems.eu/wp-content/uploads/Ethicalguidelines_tcm23-54057.pdf,
http://pubs.acs.org/userimages/ContentEditor/1218054468605/ethics.pdf
Biology: http://www.ahc.umn.edu/img/assets/26104/Research_Ethics.pdf
Psychology: http://www.apa.org/monitor/jan03/principles.aspx
https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/91165/Get-Published-Quick-Guide.pdf