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BAB III
PIPING INPUT
Input Spreadsheet
Node & Elements Definition
Fluida dan material pipa
Pembebanan
Tumpuan
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
3.1 Input Spread Sheets
Nomor
Nodal
Panjang
Element
Diameter
Weight/
Schedule
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Chapter III Piping Input
3.2 Data Fields
3.2.1 Node Number
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Chapter III Piping Input
Panjang Element :
DX
DY
DZ
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Chapter III Piping Input
Element Offsets
Element Offsets are used to correct an
elements modeled dimensions back to its
actual dimensions.
1. Activate by double-clicking the Offsets
checkbox on the Pipe Element Spreadsheet.
Deactivate by double-clicking a second time.
2. Specify the distances from the TO nodes
position in 3-D space to the actual TO end of
the element.
3. Specify the distances from the FROM nodes
position in 3-D space to the actual FROM end
of the element.
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Chapter III Piping Input
Offset hanya
bisa digunakan
untuk elemen
yang lurus
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Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.3 Pipe Section
Properties
Satuan : in
Satuan : in
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Chapter III Piping Input
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.3.2 Wt/Sch
The wall thickness/schedule field :
schedule pipa
tebal nominal pipa
The available schedules
ANSI B36.10 Steel Nominal Wall Thickness
S Standard
XS - Extra Strong
XXS - Double Extra Strong
ANSI B36.10 Steel Pipe Numbers:
10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
ANSI B36.19 Stainless Steel Schedules:
5S 10S 40S 80S
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.3.3 Mill Tolerance
+Mill Tol %
The positive Mill Tolerance is used by the IGE/TD/12
code for determining the effects of increased weight
and thermal force due to a potentially thicker wall. The
user may change this value on an element by element
basis. This option is only activated when the IGE/TD/
12 code is active.
-Mill Tol %
The negative Mill Tolerance is read in from the
configuration file for use in minimum wall thickness
calculations. Also, for the IGE/TD/12 code, this value is
used in conjunction with the corrosion allowance to
calculate a reduced section modulus for use in stress
cal-culations. Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Seam-Welded
3.2.3.4 Corrosion
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Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.4.1 Temperatures
There are nine temperature fields, to allow up to nine
different operating cases. Temperature values are
checked (by the error checker) to insure they are
within the code allowed ranges. Users can exceed the
code ranges by entering the expansion coefficient in
the tem-perature field in units of length/length (use
<F1> to obtain more information on this sub-ject). The
expansion coefficient can be a useful method of
modeling cold spring effects. Values entered in the
temperature field whose absolute values are less than
the Alpha Tol-erance are taken to be thermal
expansion coefficients, where the Alpha Tolerance is
a configuration file parameter and is taken to be 0.05
by default. For example; if the user wanted to enter
the thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.4.2 Pressures
There are nine pressure fields, to allow up to nine
different pressures cases. <F1> can be used to obtain
the current input units for the pressure fields (English
default is lbs/in.2 ).
When multiple pressures are entered, the user should
be particularly careful with the setup of the analysis
load cases, and should inspect CAESAR IIs
recommendations carefully before proceeding. Access
to operating conditions 4 through 9 is granted through
the Extended Operating Conditions input screen,
accessible via the Ellipses Dots button directly to the
right of the standard Temperature and Pressure
input fields. This dialog box may be retained open or
closed at the convenience Training
of theonuser.
Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
= 1.5 x diameter
3.2.5 Special Element
Information Jumlah Potongan
pada belokan
3.2.5.1 Bend
Contoh penomoran nodal
pada belokan :
Fitting thickness
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Radius
CAESAR II makes the long radius bend calculation whenever a
bend is input. If the user wishes to use some other bend radius
the new bend radius can be entered in this field.
Type
For most codes, this refers to the number of attached flanges,
and can be selected from the drop list. If there are no flanges on
the bend then leave the Type f i el d blank. A bend should be
considered flanged if there is any heavy/rigid body within 2
diameters of the bend that will significantly restrict the bends
ability to ovalize. When using the BS 7159 or UKOOA Codes with
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) pipe, this entry refers to the
material laminate type, and may be 1, 2, or 3. These laminate
types are
All chopped strand mat (CSM) constructing with internal and
external surface tissue reinforced layer.
Chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR) construction
with internal and external surface tissue reinforced layer.
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.5.2. Rigid dan
= 1 x berat fluida yang
Expansion Joints mengalir di pipa + 1.75 x berat
insulasi
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Chopped strand mat (CSM) and multi-filament
roving construction with internal and external surface
tissue reinforced layer. Laminate type affects the
calculation of flexibility factors and stress
intensification factors for the BS 7159 and UKOOA
Codes only.
Angle
Angle to a point on the bend curvature. The user may
place additional nodes at any point on the bend
curvature providing the added nodes are not within 5
degrees of each other. (The 5 degree node-spacing
limit may be changed via the configuration file if
necessary.) Note that the element To node is
always physically located at the far end of the
bend. By default CAESAR II places a node at the
midpoint of the bend (designated
Training on by theIIletter M in
Caesar
Chapter III Piping Input
Miter Points
Number of cuts in the bend if mitered.
The bend SIF scratch pad may be invoked from the pipe spreadsheet by
choosing Kaux - Review SIFs at Bend Nodes. When the user enters a
valid mitered bend node number, CAESAR II tells the user if the
mitered bend input is closely or widely spaced. If the bend is
determined to be widely spaced and the number of miter cuts is greater
than 1, then it is recommended that the bend be broken down into n
single cut widely spaced miters, where n is the total number of cuts
in the bend. The number of cuts and the radius of the bend are all that
is required to calculate the SIFs and flexibilities for the bend as defined
Closely
in the B31 codes. Spaced
The bend Miters
radius and the bend miter spacing are
related by theRfollowing
= S / (2 tan )
equations:
q = Bend Angle / (2 n) where n = number of
miter cuts
Widely Spaced Miters
R = r 2 (1.0 + cot q) / 2.0
r 2 = (ri + ro) / 2.0 = Bend Angle / 2.0
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.6.2. Displacement
D = displacement (in.)
R = rotations (derajat)
Jika pada kolom diatas tidak diisikan (blank) berarti pada
nodal tersebut bebas bergerak, jika diisi dengan nilai nol
berarti pada nodal tersebut tidak boleh terjadi perpindahan
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3.2.6.3 Hangers
3.2.6.4. Nozzles
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3.2.7 Loading Conditions
3.2.7.1. Forces/Moments
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Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.7.3 Wind/Wave
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Chapter III Piping Input
Piping Materials
Material Name
Materials are entered either by name or number.
Nomor 1-17 correspond to the generic materials,
without code allowable stresses.
Nomor 18 represents the cold spring element for
cut short and material 19 represents the cold
spring element for cut long.
Material 20 is used to define Fiberglass
Reinforced Plastic (FRP) pipe. Spreadsheet
agak berbeda
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Material Properties
Modulus of elasticity, Poissons ratio, and pipe
density fields are automatically filled in when a
material number is entered. If the user wishes
to override any material property extracted
from the database, he or she may do so simply
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
3.2.9 Density
Pipe density akan secara otomatis terisi
jika materialnya telah didefinisikan
Fluid density dapat dinyatakan dalam
specific gravity (SG) misalnya : 0.85 SG
Nilai untuk
Insulation
Density
dapat
dilihat pada
tabel
disamping
ini
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Densities
Pipe Density
The appropriate pipe density is filled in automatically when a
proper material number is input. This value may be overridden by
the user at any time. It will then be the users value that gets
column-duplicated through the remainder of the input.
Insulation Density
The appropriate insulation density should be entered which
corresponds to the type of insulation being used. <F1> can be
used to obtain a list of suggested densities, in the proper units. If
this cell is left blank and an insulation thickness has been
specified, CAESAR II uses a value of .006655 lbs/in 2 .
Fluid Density
When the internal fluid the piping system transports would
significantly effect the weight loads, the fluid density should be
specified. When the specific gravity of the fluid is known, it can
be entered here instead of the density, eg. .85SG. Specific
gravities are con-verted to the appropriate
Training densities
on Caesar II immediately
Chapter III Piping Input
3.3 Menu Commands
3.3.1 File Menu
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Chapter III Piping Input
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Chapter III Piping Input
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Chapter III Piping Input
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Chapter III Piping Input
3.3.3.1 Break
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Chapter III Piping Input
3.3.3.3 Expansion joint
Expansion Joints Activates the Expansion Joint Modeler. This
modeler automati-cally builds a complete assembly of the
selected expansion joint style, using the bel-lows stiffnesses and
rigid element weights extracted from one of the vendors
expansion joint catalogues.
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
3.3.3.5 Hanger Design
Hanger Design
Control Control Data Prompts the user for system
Data
de hanger design cri-teria.
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Chapter III Piping Input
3.4 Kaux Menu
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Chapter III Piping Input
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Chapter III Piping Input
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Chapter III Piping Input
3.5 Plot
This menu option provides two types of graphics the traditional
CAESAR II graphics, as well as a "sneak preview" of CAESAR IIs
new 3-D graphics library. When selected, these graphics will
replace CAESAR IIs traditional graphics.
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Predefined Views
--viewing down the "z" axis, to the "xy"
plane
--viewing down the "y" axis, to the "xz"
plane
--viewing down the x" axis, to the "yz"
plane --the isometric view
Plot Manipulation
--activate an interactive rotation feature when
the left mouse button is held down --activate
a zoom in / out action when the left mouse
button is held and the mouse is moved left or
right
--activate an action when the left mouse
button is held and the mouse is moved
--a future "walk through" capability
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Element Selection
--Single element selection (clicking),
the active spreadsheet is changed to
the element selected.
--Group element selection (drag
mouse for window around group).
Annotate, Plot Information, and
Save as Tiff File
Plot Colors: produces a dialog
which allows the user to specify the
colors used for various plot entities
(pipes, valves, background, etc).
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Plot Projection
--perspective projection
--orthographic projection
--stretched projection
Display Restraints
--plot all restraints except anchors
--plot anchors
--plot spring hangers
Select by Single Click
Clicking on elements when this option is
selected causes the input spreadsheet for
the chosen element to be displayed in the
background. Additionally, a dialog box with
basic element geometry information is
updated within the plot window as shown in
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Tampilan Grafik 3 D
Training on Caesar II
Chapter III Piping Input
Training on Caesar II