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Citation Writing Skills

Introduction to citation
writing styles

Citation formats
WHAT IS A CITATION?

A "citation" is the way you tell your


readers that certain material in your
work came from another source.
HOW TO CITE?
Students should write references in
2 places:

in the text (in text citation/ parenthetical


references)

at the end of the text (bibliography/


references/ works cited)
IN TEXT CITATION
Students can do it in 3 ways:
- quote
- paraphrase
- summarize
All three should contain author's
name, year and page number(s).

All three should also be included


in the bibliography.
Secondary Sources
Scenario: You have read a journal article
written by John Smith. In the article, John
Smith includes a quote from a book authored
by Jane Adams (which you have not used in
your own research). You would like to include
Jane Adams' quote in your own paper but you
do not have access to her book, Chicken Little.

Instructions:
Include an entry for the source you have in
hand (in this case the journal) in your reference
list.
Secondary Sources
In your parenthetical (in-text) reference after
the quote, credit the original source (in this
case the book) adding the words "as cited in..."
to show that the quote is quoted in your source
(APA 6.17).

For example:

...Adams asserts in her book Chicken Little that


"without a doubt, the chicken came before the
egg" (as cited in Smith, 2005).
Example of In Text Citation
Example of Bibliography
ELEMENTS OF CITATION

Book Journal article Website


- Author(s) - Author - Author
- Editor(s) - Title of article - Title
- Title - Title of journal - Publisher
- Publisher
- Volume & - Place of
- Place of number of publication
publication
journal - Date of
- Year of
publication - Date of publication
- Edition (if any) publication - URL
- Pagination - Date of
accessed
Citation & referencing
format
APA Style: website
APA Referencing Style: website
APA Quick Guide Formatting:
website

Tips: Easy way to find FREE


resources online??
COPYRIGHT & INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY ISSUE

Introduction to copyright &


intellectual property

Tips to avoid plagiarism


PLAGIARISM
WHY IS IT SUCH A BIG ISSUE?
How would you feel if someone copied your
exact words without your permission and
without acknowledging you?

Copying from published materials (without


acknowledgement) is illegal as it contravenes
copyright law.

People in high places have lost their job


because they were found to have plagiarised.
PLAGIARISM

RULES
Academic Integrity

A student must adhere to the academic


integrity.

Students are prohibited from indulging in


any form of academic cheating like copying
or allowing others to copy, plagiarism or
similar activities and so on during
examination, lab work, essay or research
paper, thesis and so on.
CLASS ACTIVITY

From the journal article that you have


saved last week, assuming that you are
going to refer to that article in writing
your own research article, write down
the citation, according to standard
formatting style (e.g: APA Style, or
Harvard Style).

One citation for each student.


Combine and write all inside your
activity book.
THE END

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