Ozone

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 Ozone Two Faces
Troposphere Bad Ozone
Pollution
Photochemical smog
Eye irritant
Stratosphere Good Ozone
Blocks some UV radiation
Hole caused by depletion due
to ODCs (Ozone Depleting Chemicals)
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 O2 + uv O + O

O + O2 O3

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Natural destruction of the ozone..

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Continuous
cycle!
 Ozone production in the stratosphere is
important as it blocks some UV radiation

UVA very little is blocked

by the ozone layer

UVB partially blocked by

the ozone layer, causes
burning & skin cancer

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Anthropogenic
disruption of the
stratospheric
ozone cycle is
caused by

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Production of.
Ozone Depleting Chemicals (ODCs)

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 Ozone Depleting Chemicals (ODCs)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
(most common)

Halons

Methyl Bromide
fumigant used in agriculture to control pests
Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)

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http://www.mmscrusaders.com/newscirocks/ozone/cfc.jpg 11
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Ultraviolet light hits a chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC) molecule, such as CFCl3, breaking
off a chlorine atom and leaving
CFCl2.
Sun
Cl Cl
C Once free, the chlorine atom is off
Cl to attack another ozone molecule
F and begin the cycle again.
UV radiation

Cl
Cl
O
O
A free oxygen atom pulls
The chlorine atom attacks the oxygen atom off
an ozone (O3) molecule, the chlorine monoxide
pulling an oxygen atom molecule to form O2.
Cl
off it and leaving
Cl
an oxygen O O
molecule (O2). O O

O
The chlorine Cl
atom and the O
oxygen atom join
to form a chlorine O
monoxide molecule (ClO) O
http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/dlsmith/Lecture_11.html
 A single chlorine atom
removes about 100,000
ozone molecules before
it is taken out of
operation by other
substances 15
There is a seasonal fluctuation in the ozone hole
above Antarctica. The ozone hole builds up over
the winter months, peaking at around September
and breaking up again by December.

July August September October November December

Why?
 Winter = no sunlight at poles

Air in the polar vortex can get very cold - 80C

Special clouds called Polar Stratospheric
clouds form
PSCs are crucial for ozone loss to occur

The frozen crystals that make up polar stratospheric

clouds provide a surface for the reactions that free
chlorine atoms in the Antarctic stratosphere
September 21-30, 2006 the average area of the ozone hole
was the largest ever observed, at 10.6 million square miles
 Why should we
be concerned
about more UV B
radiation
reaching the
surface of Earth?

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 effects of more UV radiation
Skin cancer such as melanoma
Cataracts and sun burning
Suppression of immune systems
Lower crop yields
Reduction in the growth of ocean
phytoplankton
Deeper penetration into bodies of water
Degradation of paints and plastic material
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melanoma

matrix.ucdavis.edu/tumors/tradition/ gallery-ssmm.html
cataract
www.snec.com.sg/clinical_services/ cataract.asp
Solutions?

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 an international treaty
designed to protect the ozone
layer by phasing out the
production of numerous
substances believed to be
responsible for ozone depletion.

Five revisions
1990 (London)
1992 (Copenhagen)
1995 (Vienna)
1997 (Montreal)
1999 (Beijing)

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Hopefully closed by end of the century

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