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A Bangladesh Institute
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of Management
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TERMINOLOGY
Data Information

Raw material of IS Processed Data


Very important Reason of IS
Random Organized
Unorganized Meaningfully
presented
Relevant
TERMINOLOGY
Identify Data v/s Information

04032015
04/03/2015
First session on ICT PGDHRM-5 is on 04/03/2015
TERMINOLOGY
System

Set of inter connected, relevant parts or things to


form a complete whole.

Set of principles or procedures according to which


something is done

Organized scheme or method.

Respiratory system, Inventory System


SYSTEM

Input
Output

Process/Methods

Feedback

Input Process Output

feedback
INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)
Information System

A set of interrelated components


Collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute

information
Support decision making and control in an
organization.

Input Process Output

feedback
INFORMATION SYSTEM

HRIS (Human Resource Information System)


systems and processes at the intersection between
human resource management (HRM) and
information technology
HR systems and processes with information
technology.
INFORMATION SYSTEM
HRIS includes
ICT INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
The concepts, methods and applications involved in
ICT are constantly evolving on an almost daily basis
and it's difficult to keep up.
A good way to think about ICT is to consider all uses
of digital technology that exist to help individuals,
businesses and organisations use information.
ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve,
manipulate, transmit or receive information
electronically in a digital form.
In business, ICT is often categorised into two broad
types of product:
Traditional computer-based technologies
Digital communication technologies
THE PURPOSE OF HRIS

The purpose of the HRIS is to provide service, in


the form of accurate and timely information, to
the clients of the system.
There are a variety of potential users of HR
information
It may be used for strategic, tactical, and
operational decision making (e.g., to plan for
needed employees in a merger);
THE PURPOSE OF HRIS
To avoid litigation (e.g., to identify discrimination
problems in hiring);
To evaluate programs, policies, or practices (e.g.,
to evaluate the effectiveness of a training
program);
To support daily operations (e.g., to help
managers monitor time and attendance of their
employees).
All these uses mean that there is a
mandatory requirement that data and
reports be accurate and timely
THE MAIN GOALS OF E-HRM
Traditionally Human Resource goals have been
broken into three categories; maintaining cost
effectiveness, the enhancement of service for internal
customers and addressing the tactics of the business.
With E-HRM there is a fourth goal added to the three
categories and that is the improvement of global
orientation of human resource management.
E-HRM is seen as offering the potential to improve
services (e.g. e-recruiting, e-selection, pension
management, e-benefit, e-compensation, storage of
employee data) to Human Resource Department
clients (both employees and management).
Improve efficiency and cost effectiveness within the
Human Resource Department, and allow Human
Resource to become a strategic partner in achieving
organizational goals.
THE MAIN GOALS OF E-HRM
E-HRM also has relational impact for a business:
enabling a companys employees and managers
with the ability to access Human Resource
information and increase the connectivity of all
parts of the company and outside organs. This
connectivity allows for communication on a
geographic level to share information and create
virtual teams.
And finally E-HRM creates standardization and
with standardized procedures this can ensure
that an organization remains complaint with
Human Resource requirements, thus also
ensuring more precise decision-making.
COMPUTER
Computing Device
General Purpose Device

programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or


logical operations automatically
CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
1. Speed
Computers work at a very high speed. They are much
faster than humans. A computer can perform billions
of calculations in a second. Computer speed is
measured in Mega Hertz (MHz).
2. Storage
A computer can store large amounts of data
permanently. Users can use this data at any time
later in future.
3. Processing
A computer can process the given instructions. It can
perform different types of processing like addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. It can also
perform logical functions like comparing two
numbers.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
4. Accuracy
Accuracy means the capability to provide
results without any errors. Computer can
process large amounts of data and produce
100% accurate results.
5. Recalling
A computer can recall the stored data and
information at any time, as and when
required.
6. Control Sequence
A computer processes data in a sequence
according to the given instructions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER

7. Consistency
Computer works in a consistent way. It does not
lose concentration due to heavy work. Computer
performs all jobs with equal attention.
8. Communication
We can connect two or more computers to share
data and hardware (printer, hard disk, CD-ROM
Drive). We can send messages and chat with
other people in world through Internet.
9. Versatile
A computer can perform different types of tasks.
We can use a computer in hospital, bank or at
home.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
10. No Feelings
Computer has no feelings. It cannot accept feelings as an
input. Computer cannot work according to the mood of the
user. It cannot be affected by sorrows and happiness.
11. No Intelligence
Computer itself is not intelligent. It only follows the given
instructions. If a computer is given a program for addition
it cannot perform subtraction by itself.
12. Cost Reduction
Computer can reduce cost. We can do a work in less time
and cost by computer. A single person, with computer, can
do work of many people in an office.
13. Diligence
Computer has the ability to work for long times without
tiredness.
COMPUTER
Types of Computer

Based on signal processing


Based on size
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Based on signal processing

Analog computer:
Analog computer is used to measure continuous

values. It measures a physical property like


voltage, pressure, speed, time and temperature. An
analog computer takes input in analog form and
gives output in analog form.
Its output is usually displayed on a meter or scale.

Analog computer has low memory and fewer


functions. Analog computer is mainly used in the
field of engineering and medicine. Examples
include:
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Based on signal processing

Analog computer:

1. Thermometer
2. Speedometer
3. Analog clock
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Digital computer:
Process Digital quantities
Any of a class of devices capable of solving problems
by processing information in discrete form
Use binary form ; 0 and 1
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Hybrid computer:
Combination of digital and analog cop.
Exhibit features of analog computers and digital
computers.
Hybrid computer devices are used in hospitals that
may calculate patient's heart function, temperature
and blood pressure etc. This calculation may be
converted into numbers and shown in digital form.
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Hybrid computer:
Vital Signs Monitoring Unit (VSM). It has Blood Pressure
monitor, ECG monitor, respiratory monitor, and is also
used for monitoring anesthesia.

Hybrid computers are used in spaceships and missile


system.
Hybrid Computer Machines are generally used in scientific
applications
Hybrid computers are used for controlling industrial
processes.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

Based on size

Micro computer
Most commonly used computers
Desktop, laptop, smartphones etc.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

Mini computer
More powerful than micro computers
Multi processing system
May contain one or more processors,
support multiprocessing and tasking
Use as small and mid range servers.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

Mainframe computer
Powerful than minicomputer
Used primarily by corporate and governmental
organizations for critical applications
Bulk data processing such as census, industry and
consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning and
transaction processing
TYPES OF COMPUTER

Super Computer
The fastest type of computer.
Very expensive

Employed for specialized applications that

require immense amounts of mathematical


calculations.
For example, weather forecasting, nuclear

energy research, and petroleum exploration.


ORGANIZATION OF A COMPUTER.
ORGANIZATION OF A COMPUTER.
Input
Each sensor transmits its information in the form of voltage signals.
Processing
Input voltage signals received by a computer are processed through a
series of electronic logic circuits maintained in its programmed
instructions.
Storage
Computers have two types of memory:
permanent
Temporary.

Permanent memory is called read-only memory (ROM) because the


computer can only read the contents. This data is retained even when power to the
computer is shut off.
Output
After the computer has processed the input signals, it sends voltage signals
or commands to other devices in the system to output the result.
Control
how instructions are executed and the above operations are performed
ORGANIZATION OF A COMPUTER.

Input
Input unit consists of input devices. Input devices are
used to enter data and instructions into computer
memory. Examples of input devices are Keyboard,
mouse, scanner, digital camera and microphone etc.
Output
Output unit consists of output devices. Output
devices are used to show results produced by
computer after data processing. Examples of output
devices are Monitor, Printer, plotter, data projector
speaker etc.
FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF A COMPUTER.

1) arithmetic logical unit


actual processing of the data and instruction are performed by
Arithmetic Logical Unit
major operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, logic and comparison.

2) control unit
acts like the supervisor seeing that things are done in proper fashion
determines the sequence in which computer programs and
instructions are executed

3) central processing unit.


ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the
central processing unit
just like brain that takes all major decisions, makes all sorts of
calculations and directs different parts of the computer functions by
activating and controlling the operations
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
THE EARLY YEARS
In the early years, before the computer was
invented, there were several inventions of
counting machine
200BC-Chinese Abacus

500BC-Egyption Abacus

1620-Napiers Bone (John Napier)

1653-Pascaline (Blaise Pascal)

1673-Leibnizs (Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz)


CONT
1801-Weaving loom (Joseph Marie Jacquard)
1823- Mechanical Calculator Machine (Charles
Babbage)
1941- Mark 1 (Harvard University)
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
(1940-1956)
1941-huge, slow, expensive and often unreliable
Presper Eckert and William Mauchly bulit the
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
computer)
It used vacuum tube

1951-Eckert and Mauchly built the UNIVAC


(Universal Automatic Computer)
Can calculate 10000 Addition per second.
VACUUM TUBE
In a computer, a vacuum tube which is an
electronic tube about the size of light bulbs, was
used as the internal computer components.
Thousands of them were used.
Problems
The vacuum tubes generated a great deal of heat
causing many problems in regulation and climate
control
The tubes also burnt out frequently
People operating the computer did not know that
the problem was in the programming machine.
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
(1956-1963_
The famous computer scientist during the second
generation era were :
John Bardeer
Walter Houser Brattain
William Shockley
Transistor were smaller than vacuum tubes
They needed no warm up time
Consumes less energy
Generated much less heat
Faster and more reliable.
THIRD GENERATIONS COMPUTER
(1964-1971)
The IBM 370 series were introduced in 1964. It
came in several models and sizes.
It was used for business and scientific programs.
Other computer models introduced were CDC
7600 and B2500
Silicone chips were manucfactured in 1961 at the
Silicone Valley
Then came the integrated circuit technology
which had reduced the size and cost of computers
Other than that, the Magnetic Core Memory was
replace by a device called the microchip
THE ADVANTAGES OF IC
Silicone chips were reliable, compact and cheaper
Sold hardware and software separately which
created the software industry.
Customer service industry flourised (reservation
and credit checks)
SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY
More sophisticated
Several programs run at the same time

Sharing computer resources

Support interactive processing


FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
(1971-PRESENT)
It took only 55 years for the 4 generations to
evolve. The growth of the computer industry
developed technologies of computer inventions.
There are many types of computer models such
as:
Apple Macintosh
Dell
IBM
Acer
CONT
1971, Intel created the first microprocessor.
1976, Steve Jobs built the first Apple computer.
Then, in 1981, IBM introduces its first personal
computer.
During the fourth generations hardware
technology such as silicone chips, microprocessor
and storage devices were invented.
A microprocessor specialized chip which is
developed for computer memory and logic.
CONT
The microprocessor is a large scale integrated
circuit which contained thousands of transistor
The transistor on this chip are capable of
performing all of the function of a computers
central processing unit.
ADVANTAGES
Computers became 100 times smaller than
ENIAC
Gain in speed, reliability and storage capacity

Personal and software industry boomed


FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
(PRESENT & BEYOND)
Are technologies more advance and still being
developed so that it is more efficient
The fifth generation computers are such as :
Silicone chips
Processor
Robotics
Virtual reality
Intelligent systems
Programs which translate languages
NEW ERA COMPUTERS
The technology of computers are more advance,
sophisticated and modern
The latest invention of the new era are :
Supercomputers
Mainframe computers
Mini computers
Personal computer
Mobile computer

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