Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rehabilitasi Medik
pada
Luka Bakar
Disusun oleh :
Ika Rosdiana
Rehabilitasi Medik FK Unissula
1
Nyeri
Kontraktur kulit & sendi
Perubahan penampilan & fungsi
Ekstremitas superior masalah AKS
Ekstremitas inferior masalah ambulasi
Masalah psikologi stress emosional berat,
perasaan rendah diri & hilang percaya diri
2
A. Dasar dasar penanganan
1. Periode akut
2. Periode imobilisasi
3. Periode maturasi
3
Periode akut
Merawat luka & menghindari terjadinya infeksi
Kontrol edema
Mempertahankan & memelihara mobilitas sendi &
kulit
Mempertahankan & memelihara KU & endurance
Memotivasi keterlibatan pasien & keluarga yg akan
mendorong keberhasilan terapi
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Periode imobilisasi
5
Periode maturasi
6
Positioning adalah pengaturan posisi bagian-bagian
tubuh untuk mencegah terjadinya kontraktur/
deformitas
Leher : ekstensi
Aksila : bahu abduksi 60-90
Wrist : ekstensi 30
MCP : fleksi 30-40
Hip : abd15- 20 (posisi
netral)
Knee : ekstensi dgn fleksi
ringan
Ankle : dorsofleksi 90 9
10
Proper positioning
Hand splint pada telapak
tangan dan elbow splint
pada permukaan
anterior lengan.
Lengan dalam posisi
elevasi, tangan lebih
tinggi dari siku dan siku
lebih tinggi dari bahu
Airplane splints
diletakkan pada bahu
dengan posisi abduksi
90 derajat.
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Tungkai diposisikan
elevasi dengan kaki
lebih tinggi dari lutut
dan lutut lebih tinggi
dari hips
12
Lokasi luka bakar Kecendrungan kontraktur Posisi/splint
Leher bagian depan Fleksi leher Jangan gunakan bantal, neck collar
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Mobilisasi
17
3. Pemakaian ortesa/splinting
Kontraktur dpt
terbentuk dgn cepat
dalam tahap
penyembuhan luka
Sangat diperlukan pd
luka bakar yg melalui
daerah persendian atau
dekat persendian
18
19
Finger orthosis
( Finger web-space stabilizer )
Menjaga agar
sela antara jari
jari tetap terjaga
dan mencegah
terjadinya
kontraktur
Tan JC
Anterior elbow splint
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Recommendation: For burns that cross the anterior hip joint
and/or medial.
Purpose: To assist in positioning the hip joints into abduction and
neutral rotation, thereby decreasing the risk of flexion and
adduction contractures at the hip.
How to Apply:
Keep the lower half of the bed flat.
Abduct the patients legs.
Place the pillow between the legs.
Splint should be worn both pre and post grafting.
Wear Time: Wear time is up to 20 hours per day as tolerated
22
Soft Collar
Recommendation: For use when the towel
roll is ineffective in positioning.
Purpose: To assist in the positioning of the
patients neck into neutral with slight
extension, thereby decreasing the risk of
contracture.
How to Apply: neck in neutral. Apply collar
with opening in the back. Fasten Velcro
strap.
Wear Time: up to 20 hours per day as
tolerated
Ideally: should be worn whenever the
patient is in bed.
After cervical grafting worn at all times for
five days.
Cautions: Make certain that the collar does
not slip over the chin onto the face and
mouth.
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Semirigid Cervical Collar
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Airplane Splint / Abduction
Pillow
Recommendation: For burns crossing both the
anterior and posterior axillary region, as well as
burns crossing the chest.
Purpose: to decrease the risk of contracture.
How to Apply:
Position the patients arm(s) into 90 degrees of
abduction,
15 degrees of horizontal adduction and forearm
supination (palm facing up)
Place the airplane splint or abduction pillow
underneath the axilla.
Recommended: Splint should be worn both pre and
post grafting.
Wear Time: Wear time is up to 20 hours per day as
tolerated
After grafting the splint should be worn at all times
for five days.
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Knee Immobilizer
Recommendation: For burns that
cross both the anterior and posterior
knee.
Purpose: To assist in maintaining an
extended position of the knee,
thereby decreasing the risk of flexion
contractures.
How to Apply:
Position the patients knee in full
extension.
Place a towel roll under the heel and
slide the immobilize underneath the
leg.
Recommended: Immobilizer should
be worn both pre and post grafting.
Wear Time: Wear time is up to 20
hours per day as tolerated
After grafting the knee immobilizer
should be worn at all times for five
days.
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Foot drop splint
Recommendation:
For burns that cross the ankle joint.
How to Apply:
Position the patients ankle in neutral
dorsiflexion.
Position the foot into the splint,
making sure the heel can be felt
through the heel hole.
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Long leg splint
Recommendation: For burns
that cross the ankle joint and
the posterior knee.
Purpose: To decrease the risk
of foot drop or plantar flexion
contracture, and to maintain an
extended position of the knee
to reduce the risk of flexion
contractures.
How to Apply:
Position the patients ankle in
neutral dorsiflexion.
Recommended: Splint should
be worn both pre and post
grafting.
Wear Time: Wear time is up to
20 hours per day as tolerated
After grafting the splint should
be worn at all times for five
days.
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Dampak lain immobilisasi
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Dewasa muda 3 mgg immobilisasi penurunan
fungsi CV pada posisi tegak
(takikardi relatif pd posisi tegak)
pemulihan akan tjd setelah 5 mgg mobilisasi*
Pada lansia, akan terjadi lebih awal dan
pemulihan lebih lama
Gibbs NM, Venous thrombosis of the lower limbs with particular reference to bedret
Cope C, Reyes TM, Skversky N. Phlebographyc analysis of the incidence of thrombosis in hemiplegia
Penatalaksanaan adl :
1. Ambulasi dini untuk mencegah tjd nya ggn
adaptasi CV
2. Positioning
3. ROM dan masase tungkai bawah
4. Breathing exc
5. Tilting table
monitor TD, nadi, gej subyektif ( mulai 30 der
setiap hari ditingkatkan dan dipertahankan)
Immobilisasi berakibat turunnya kapasitas paru
25% sebag alveoli tdk terisi udara
Gangguan higiene siliar, transport sekret lebih
mudah pada seorang yg aktif atau dengan
mekanisme batuk
Gangguan ekspansi thoraks akan mengganggu
transport sekret
Penatalaksanaan dan pencegahan
1. Mobilisasi dini
2. Drainage saluran respirasi dengan postural
drainage, batuk effektif, perkusi dinding dada,
vibrasi
3. Breathing exc dan ekspansi thoraks (passive/
active) untuk memperbaiki kapasitas vital
paru
Postural drainage
Tujuan: untuk memindahkan sekresi dengan
gravitasi dari daerah distal bronkhus segmental
ke saluran udara yg lebih besar dengan
mucosiliar clerance dan batuk yg effektif
proses expectoration
Setiap posisi bertujuan menempatkan segmen bronkhus
diatas trakhea untuk kmd mengalirkan lendir kebawah
dengan pengaruh gravitasi
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