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 Boole / _

3.

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1 10 (1: 10)
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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

4.
()

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( ( ) + _ ( ) ) + 50

() (200) = 0.71
() (50) = 0.64
() (45) = 1.73
_() _(16) =4
() (40) = 3.69
() ex (3) = 20.09
_() _(32,6) = 32
_() _(-5) =5
 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

4.
#2 ( )

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 Boole / _

BOOLE
 Boole / _

BOOLE
( George Boole, . )

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 Boole / _

BOOLE
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<>
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 Boole / _

BOOLE
()

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>= 10
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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

4. ()
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1, 2, 3 : 1,2,3,
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>= 10
>= 10



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 Boole / _

4. ()


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 Boole / _

4. ()
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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

4. ()

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

4.

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#1

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

4.
#4

A B

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 Boole / _

4.
#4 / ()

DIV 2 A_
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A_

 Boole / _

4.

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 Boole / _

4.

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 Boole / _

4.
()

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 Boole / _

4.

1. 10 20 11
2. 10 10 1
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6. -10 -20
 Boole / _

4.
#1
1+2+3+....+100

_100
i1
Sum 0 Sum 0
ii+1
Sum Sum + i i 1 100
Sum Sum + i

i <= 100 _

Sum
_100
Sum



 Boole / _

4.
#2

1 10

1 2
;
3 3
0 0
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+ i i MOD 2 = 1
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_
3 _

3
 Boole / _

4.
#3
t 1 100sec 5sec =3m/sec2
s=..t2

3 3
t1 S 1 / 2 * * t^2
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tt+5

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t, s

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 Boole / _

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. ..:

1-100

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i <= 100 _ i
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 Boole / _

x 1 100
y 1 100 , .
z 1 100
3*x+2*y-7*z = 5
x, y, z
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100x100x100 !
 Boole / _

&

 Boole / _

( )

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(Information Theory)
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(.. ASCII,UNICODE, bits, .)

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( / PASCAL)
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1

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(1,1) (2,2) ..........(,)

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4 2525057363 ;
5 2455022318
6 2525072367 ;
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 Boole / _

2
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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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#1

10
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+ 1
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 Boole / _

#2

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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Left middle Right
 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

2

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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

#1
__2


: i, j, [4,5], s
4x5

s0
i 1 4
j 1 5
. [ i, j ]
s s + [ i, j ]
_
_

s / (4*5)

_
 Boole / _

#2 (. )
_
// m, n, table, col, row //
(m=4 x n=5), sum 0
, i 1 m
( row[i] 0
Excel) _
j 1 n
table[4,5] j col[j] 0
1 2 3 4 5 row[4] _
i 1 m
1 4 5 2 8 5 24 j 1 n
i 2 14 3 7 9 12 45 sum sum + table[i, j]
3 5 7 21 2 15 50 row[ i ] row[ i ] + table[i, j]
col[ j ] col[ j ] + table[i, j]
4 23 12 11 6 3 55 _
= _
col[5] 46 27 41 25 35 = 174 // row, col, sum //
sum _
 Boole / _

#1

: i, j, [5,5]
(
) i 1 5
j 1 5
i = j TOTE
[ i, j ] 1
1 0 0 0 0
[ i, j ] 0
0 1 0 0 0 _
0 0 1 0 0 _
0 0 0 1 0 _

0 0 0 0 1 _
 Boole / _

#2

: i, j, [3,3], [3,3], [3,3]

3 1 7 3 5 2
i 1 3
9 3 4 + 2 1 6 j 1 3
5 2 8 6 3 4 [ i, j ] [ i, j ] + B[ i, j ]
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 Boole / _

&
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 Boole / _

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 Boole / _

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//, , , // //, //

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 Boole / _

(queue)

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front rear
 Boole / _

: &

__ __
//, , rear, // //, front, rear//

rear < front <= rear

rear rear + 1 [ front ]
[ rear ] front front + 1
status status

status status
_ _

//, rear, status// //, front, ,

__ status//
__
 Boole / _

front

1 2

12
3
(front)
11

4

(). - 10
5
front
O
9 6
(rear) 7
8
front
rear
 Boole / _

: &

__ __
//,,front,rear,// //,,front,rear,CanGet//
(rear mod ) + 1 = front CanGet =
status
status

[front]
rear (rear mod ) + 1 front = rear ! 1
[rear] CanGet
status _
front (front mod ) + 1
_
status
CanGet _
// , rear, status, //,rear,status,
CanGet // , CanGet//
__ __
 Boole / _

&

 Boole / _

,
/,
( )
hardware / ,
(Von Neumann, 1945)
.
.
,
.
/ ,
, :
(0) (1). , /,
,


/,
 Boole / _

1. (1 )
/
,
(1/0)
11111011 01001101
,
01011011 01101000
/ ( hardware
10011000
). 11010111 01101101
, . 01011010
O
11010011 01001101
.........
, ENIAC (1945), .........

,
, .
 Boole / _

2. (2 )

INDEX=$01
(assembly language)
(.. ADD), SUM=$02
LDA #10
, STA INDEX
, 1 ,
( CLA
).
LOOP ADD INDEX

DEC INDEX
( - STA SUM
-assembler)
, BRK

 Boole / _

3. (3 )

1950,
.


(/)
.
1 1, ,



hardware
/ ().
/ ( / CPU),
.

/
 Boole / _

3. (3 )

FORTRAN C PROGRAM EQUATION

READ(*,1) A,B
FORmula TRANslator, 1 FORMAT (F5.1)
, 1957 IF (A.EQ.0) GO TO 20
X=(-1.)*B/A
WRITE (*,2) X
2 FORMAT(X=,F10.2)
GO TO 50
20 IF (B.EQ.0) WRITE(*,3)
IF (B.NE.0) WRITE(*,4)
: 3 FORMAT()
Fortran 77, 90/95, Visual Fortran 4 FORMAT()
50 STOP
END
 Boole / _

3. (3 )

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
COBOL PROGRAM-ID. EQUATION.
COmmon Business Oriented ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
CONFIGURATION SECTION.
Language, 1960 SOURCE-COMPUTER. IBM-PC.
/ OBJECT-COMPUTER. IBM-PC.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
77 X PIC S9(6)V9.
77 A PIC S9(6).
77 B PIC S9(6).
77 W-X PIC -(6),-.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
, ARXH.
, . DISPLAY .
........
 Boole / _

3. (3 )

ALGOL
ALGOrithmic Language, 1960

,

PL/1
Programming Language/1, 1960

FORTRAN COBOL
 Boole / _

3. (3 )

TO TEST :A
LOGO REPEAT 4 [FD :A RT 90]
PU SETPOS [20 20] PD
, 1967 REPEAT 4 [FD :A RT 90]
PU HOME PD
REPEAT 2 [FD :A RT 45 ]
HOME
END

LISP PROLOG (DEFUN a-exisosi (a b)

(setf apot (- (/ b a)))
LISt Processor
(princ )
PROgramming in LOGic, 1959
(princ a)
(princ x + )
(Artificial (princ b)
Intelligence - AI), (princ = 0 = )
, , (princ apot))
 Boole / _

3. (3 )
BASIC
Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code, 1964
, , ()

, . 10 REM GWBASIC
, 20 INPUT A=,A
30 INPUT B=,B
70 40 IF A=0 THEN GOTO 100
50 X=-B/A
Bill Gates Paul Allen,
60 PRINT X=;X
Microsoft,
70 END
Basic (1977). ,

(MSDOS) IBM PC (1981).
: GWBASIC, QuickBasic, Visual
Basic. (interpreter)
 Boole / _

3. (3 )
PASCAL
Niclaus Wirth, 1964
,
, Program Lesson1;
Basic Var
, Num1,Num2,Sum:Integer;
. Begin
Write('Input number 1:');
Readln (Num1);

Writeln('Input number 2:');
Readln (Num2);

Sum := Num1 + Num2;
ADA Writeln (Sum);
Modula-2
End.
,
Pascal,
 Boole / _

3. (3 )

C
#include <stdio.h>
, Ken int main (int argc, char* argv[ ])
Thomson Dennis Ritchie Bell Labs {
(AT&T), 1970 float a, b;
printf (A = );
( / scanf(%f, &a);
UNIX, Linux, Windows), 3D, printf(B = );
.. scanf(%f, &b);
if (a == 0) {
if (b == 0) {
. printf(\n);
}else {
, printf(\n);
. }
}else {
printf(X = %f\n, -b/a);
}
: C, C++, C# return 0;
}
 Boole / _

3. (3 )
JAVA
Sun Microsystems, 1995
project
// Hello.java

import javax.swing.JApplet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
Internet public class Hello extends JApplet
C, {
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("Hello, world!", 65, 95);
hardware, }
}
,

(virtual
machine)
 Boole / _

3. (3 )

dBase CLEAR
Ashton Tate, 70 ? 1.
? 2.
? 3.
? 4.
INPUT [1..4] : TO CHOICE
DO CASE
CASE CHOICE = 1
APPEND
CASE CHOICE = 2
: dBase II, dBase III, LABEL FORM PELATES
Clipper ( ) CASE CHOICE = 3
BROWSE
xBase OTHERWISE
QUIT
END CASE
Microsoft Access
 Boole / _

4. 4 (4GL)

SQL
Structured Query Language,
70
INSERT INTO YPALLHLOS
VALUES (NIKOLAOY ., 2104025342,
1000);

SELECT ONOMA, THL, MISTHOS
FROM YPALLHLOS
( WHERE HMER_PROSL = 10/5/2000
)
AND MISTHOS < 1200;

(.. ,
)

 Boole / _

/ (Windows,
MacOS, ) -/.

, .

:
(event

driven programming).
, (..
click, keypress .),
(visual programming).

, ,
, ).
Visual (.. Visual basic, Visual C++)
 Boole / _

(procedural) ()
(non procedural)
(functional)
(object oriented)

 Boole / _

,


.
.
3D,
,
,
2-3 ,

 Boole / _

&
, ( )
:

(, , , .. -, 0-9,
#,%,$,+,* )

( ,
.. )

( , .
, , ,...)
( .
)
(semantics)
, ,
 Boole / _

&

( ,
, .)

-


,


 Boole / _

 Boole / _

,

- -

-

(top
down program design)


 Boole / _

(module)






 Boole / _

1960

1968, Edger Dijkstra :
GOTO Statement Considered Harmful
, ,
GOTO,
, (spagetti code)

,

:
 Boole / _

GO TO,


90 PRINT ; (/, /, /)"
100 T$=INPUT$(1)

110 IF T$ <> AND T$<> GOTO 210
- 120 INPUT :";DEPOSIT
130 BALANCE = BALANCE + DEPOSIT
, 140 PRINT USING : $#####.##";BALANCE
150 GOTO 90
210 IF T$ <> AND T$<> GOTO 300
220 INPUT ";CHECK
spaghetti code 230 BALANCE = BALANCE - CHECK
240 PRINT USING : $#####.##";BALANCE
250 GOTO 90
300 IF T$ <> AND T$<> GOTO 90
410 PRINT USING /: $#####.##";BALANCE
430 END
 Boole / _

 Boole / _

(Object Oriented Programming OOP)


, .

.
.. .
: , , , ,
: , , ,



 Boole / _

(Parallel programming)



,
,
.

,
, .
( ,
, , .)
 Boole / _

&

:
(Editor)

(Compiler Interpreter)
(Linker)

:
 Boole / _

&

(Editor)
.
.
, ..
/
,

, ..
, ,

, , .
 Boole / _

&
(Compiler Interpreter)

/, . .

,
( - source code)

( - object)
(.. ),
,
(.. )
. ,
, .
 Boole / _

&
(Linker)
(object)
.

( libraries) ,
, ,


(linker),
(executable)

(compiling and linking) (build)




 Boole / _

,
,
, (, /
),
,
(Graphical User
Interface GUI)
,



, .. ,
,
,
, ..
 Boole / _

1.
: C
: main.c
(
)

2.
: main.c MS-DOS

: main.obj ( ;)
( .
)

3.
: main.obj
: main.exe
( /)
 Boole / _

Integrated Development Environments (IDE)















 Boole / _

(syntax errors)




,

(logical errors bugs)
,
( ), ..
, .


() , .. 0,
, .
 Boole / _

&

 Boole / _

,

( Top-Down)
.



,

 Boole / _

(. )
( )
1.
1.1

1.2
2.
2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3. /
3.1

3.2

3.3

,
(subprogram)
 Boole / _

/






.
: ,


,
, ()
,

 Boole / _

( )

( )


,


,
,

.
, ,

 Boole / _

,

(. )
,
( )

,
,
(.. 15, ,
15.6, ) (.. X+15, y-2x)
 Boole / _

( , , .)

, .

, .

, ( )

, .
(

)
 Boole / _

, ,
. ,

,

(1, 2, ...)



_1 : 1
_2 : 2
()


/
_
 Boole / _

()
, ,
, (,)
, ,
. ,
,
,

1 ,
1:1
: x1, y1 ,

x1 5
y1 10 ,
(x1, y1)
(5, 15, y1) .
(x1+5, x1+y1) ,
_

 Boole / _

, ,

.
, .
,
: , , ,

(1, 2, ...) : _



_1 : 1
_2 : 2
()

,
/
_ ( )
_
 Boole / _

()
,
(.. (x), _(x), ).
,
.
,


,
1 1:1
,

: , x
,

x 50 .
(x,40,60)
,
_

 Boole / _

,


,

( ),

:
,
1 1,
.
,
, ,


 Boole / _

-

3
:
,,
45
( . , , 1.80)
_
!
(, age, )

: 3
: age ,,
:

, , , age, ,
_
 Boole / _

80 1.75
:
()
( 80, 1.75, )

_

(, , )

: , ,

/ (^2) 26.12
_
 Boole / _

(, ):

: , ,
(),


/ (^2)

_ ( 70, 1.75 )

(, , ) (),

.
: , , ,
-
/ (^2) ()
_ ( 70, 1.75, )
 Boole / _

;

: :

>= 2 , -

_(,,,x1,x2) (, )
(x, y) (x, , )
(x, A, N)
(, )
(, )
(, )
(, ) _( (, ) )
(x) ()
 Boole / _

#1

, : ,

5
10
(, )
, ,
_

(x, y)

: x,y,z

zx
xy
yz
_
 Boole / _

#2


,
: x

( , x)
. :, x
- _
,
(, )


: :
:

,
(..
) _
 Boole / _

#3
,

: ,
,
; (/)
(, , , )
, _
,
( , 1, 2, )

: : , 1, 2,

- ;(/) _
- : (/)
- : (/)
- ... _ = 1 = 2
_
 Boole / _

#4
, ()

100 : [100],
,
1 100
[ ]
_
_

()
: [100], [100]
: [100],
()
() 1 100
() [ ]
() _
_ _
 Boole / _

#4 -
,
,
,

_():

: [100], ,
. :

( )
0
1 100 _ _ ( )
+ [ ]
_ _ ( )
_
_, _
_ / 100
_
 Boole / _

#5

(, ) :
,
: [100],
:
:


100 1
<= 100 =
[ ] = X TOTE
!

+1
_
_

_
 Boole / _

#6
,
100

(, ) :

: i, , [100],

0
i 1 100
[ i ] = X TOTE
+ 1
_
_

_
 Boole / _

#7 () 1/10

, ,

( )
, . ,
,
, (7),
(17)
,
, ,

/,
. ,
(
).

 Boole / _

#7 () 2/10
(top down),

1.
( )
2. ;
2.1 ( + ).
: ,
.
,

2.2 ,
. 1-7=, 8-24=
3.

4.

 Boole / _

#7 () 3/10

Top Down
0.

1. 2. 3. 4.
;
(;)

2.1 2.2


 Boole / _

#7 () 4/10
-

: ,
:

_
( ) !
( ) !
( , ) !

( (/);, , , )
_ <>

_
 Boole / _

#7 () 5/10
:

( )

:

_
(-) :

_ >= A KAI <=
_

, (),
()
 Boole / _

#7 () 6/10

: (;)

() :

:
: , [24]

() ! .
( , ) !
( <= 7) ! 7;
_

 Boole / _

#7 () 7/10

:
( )

: [24]

[1] ! 7
.............. !
[7]
[8] !
...... !
[24]
_

, (),
()
 Boole / _

#7 () 8/10
:
( , ):

: , [24]
: i,

0 !
i 1 24
[ i ] = TOTE
i
_
_


_
 Boole / _

#7 () 9/10

:
( , )

:
:

=
, ,

, ,
_
_

,
.
 Boole / _

#7 () 10/10

(, 1, 2, )

: , 1, 2,

_


_ = 1 = 2
_

 Boole / _

(....)

http://users.sch.gr/iordanissav