IP Address(Internet Protocol Address)

An IP address is a numerical representation that uniquely identifies a

specific host on the network.
Use to connect to another Computer,
Allows transfer of files and e-mails
 IP Structure
Addresses in IPv4 are 32-bits long. This allows for a maximum of
4,294,967,296 (232) unique addresses. Each section is 8 bit long.
Each Section can range from 0-255
IP address is written in "dotted decimal" notation, which is 4 sets of
numbers separated by period. Four sets are known as Octets.
Example
127.255.255.255 = 01111111.11111111.11111111.111111
IP Classes
Five Classes of IP address A B C D and E
Class A reserved for governments
Class B reserved for medium companies
Class C reserved for small companies
Class D are reserved for multicasting
Class E are reserved for future use
Class A

N.H.H.H
1-126
0 can not be used as Net ID
127 is reserved for loop back functions
126 Different Networks
16.777.214 Hosts per Network
0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0
0. 0. 0. 0 = 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
127.255.255.255 = 01111111.11111111.11111111.111111
0nnnnnnn.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
Class B
N.N.H.H

128-191
The first IP Address is the NET ID
The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address
16.384 Different Networks
65543 Hosts per Network
128. 0. 0. 0 = 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
191.255.255.255 = 10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
10nnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
Class C
N.N.N.H

192-223
The first IP Address is the NET ID
The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address
2.097.152 Different Networks
254 Hosts per Network
192. 0. 0. 0 = 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
223.255.255.255 = 11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111
110nnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.HHHHHHHH
Class D
Class D addresses are used for multicasting applications.
Class D have their first three bits set to 1 and their fourth bit set to 0.
Class D addresses are 32-bit network addresses,all the values within the range
of 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 are used to uniquely identify multicast groups.
There are no host addresses within the Class D address space.
Example: video conferencing
224. 0. 0. 0 = 11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000
239.255.255.255 = 11101111.11111111.11111111.11111111
1110XXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX
Class E
Class E networks are defined by having the first four network address
bits as 1.
That encompasses addresses from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.
Most network implementations discard these addresses as illegal or
undefined.
The exception is 255.255.255.255, which is used as a broadcast
address.
240. 0. 0. 0 = 11110000.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.255.255.255 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
1111XXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX
Private Addresses
Within the address space, certain networks are reserved for private
networks. Packets from these networks are not routed across the public
internet. This provides a way for private networks to use internal IP
addresses without interfering with other networks.