BIODIVERSITY

What is biodiversity???
Bio means life
Diversity means variety
So biodiversity or biological diversity means
variety of organisms.
Animal and plants are diverse because they
come from different types of habitat.
 The place where an organism lives is called
habitat.
Biodiversity exists in a wide range of habitats
and climates on Earth like forests, seaside,
coral reef, mountain top and dessert.
Different organism have different
characteristics to help them adapt to their
environment.
 Classification of organisms
Sorting organisms into group is called
classification.
Organism are classified into five major
groups called kingdoms.
They are animals, plants, fungi, bacteria
and simple organisms.
 Classification of animal
ANIMALS INVERTEBRATES

VERTEBRATES

mammals amphibians fish

birds

reptiles
 Amphibians
Cold-blooded animals
Live both on land and in water
The young live in water
Most adult live on land
External fertilisation (eggs are fertilised outside the
females body)
Adult breathe with their lung when on land and
through their skin when in water.
The young breathe through their gills.
Have loose and moist skin
Frogs, toad, salamanders and newts
 Fish
Cold-blooded animal ( body temperature
changes with their surrounding temperature)
Bodies covered with hard and slimy scales
for protection.
Have fins and tails to swim
Absorb dissolved oxygen in the water
through their gills
Most external fertilisation but a few example
such as shark and sea horse give birth.
 Birds
The only animals with feathers
Have beaks and wing but not all them can
fly
Warm- blooded (body temperatures
remains constant and do not change with
environment)
Internal fertilisation. Their eggs have hard
shells and laid in their nest.
Breathe with their lungs
Owls, ducks, chickens, ostriches, parrots
 Mammals
Warm-blooded animals
Bodies covered by hair or fur
Breathe with their lung
All mammals except the duck-billed platypus and
spiny anteater, give birth to live young.
Internal fertilisation and develop inside the
female body.
Their young feed on milk from the mothers
mammary glands
Bats, whale, cow, dolphin, cat, spiny anteater
 Reptiles
Cold-blooded animal
Have hard dry scales to protect their body
Breathe with lung
Internal fertilisation. Laying eggs on land
and have thick, leathery shells to prevent
from drying up.
Have four limbs except snakes that enable
them to move freely.
Crocodiles, snakes, turtles, lizards
 Invertebrates
Animals without backbones
This groups of animals includes insects,
scorpions, molluscs, worms, crabs and prawns.
May be divided into those jointed legs and
without jointed legs.

With jointed legs

- segmented body
Hard skin on the outside called exoskeleton
Have differing numbers of legs that is three pair,
four pair and more than four pair.
 3 pair of legs butterfly, grasshopper, ants
4 pair of legs- scorpions, spiders, mites
More than 4 pairs- millipedes, crabs,
lobster

Without jointed legs

- can be subdivided into animal which are:
-worm-like leeches, earthworm,
tapeworm
non-worm like jellyfish, starfish, snails,
cuttlefish
 Classification of plants

plant

Flowering plant Non- flowering plant

 Flowering plant

monocotyledons dicotyledons
 Monocotyledons
Seed with one cotyledon
Parallel veins leaves
Fibrous roots
Stems lack of woody tissues. Most are
herbaceous plants.
Maize, sugar cane, banana, paddy,
coconut
 Dicotyledons
Seed with two cotyledons
Network of veins leaves
Tap root
Stems are usually hard and woody
They are tree, shrubs or herbaceous
plants
Rubber tree, hibiscus, sunflower plants
 Non-flowering plant
Further divided into algae, mosses, ferns
and conifers
All have chlorophyll
Algae
- Do not have true stems, leaves and roots
- Live in water and moist places
- Spyrogyra, seaweed, phytoplankton
 Mosses
- Simple plant with stems and small leaves
without roots
- Live on land in moist and shady places
- Reproduces through spores
- Moss, liverwort
 Ferns
- Have stems, roots and leaves
- Live on land in moist and shady places
- Reproduces through spores
 Conifers
- Have true roots, stems and needle-like
leaves
- Do not produce flower but cones
- Reproduce through seeds in the cones
- Pine tree, spruce
 Importance of biodiversity
Contributes a wealth of resources such as food,
materials, medicines
Maintain natural cycle like carbon, oxygen and
water cycle
So we should conserve all species and maintain
the biodiversity of living organisms by:
- Protect and manage habitats
- Educate people
- Use animal, plant, land and water wisely
- Protect threatened species