Seminar presentation on Air Pollution

In Textile industry
 Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate, or biological material that cause harm or
discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or
damages the natural environment into the atmosphere.
Approximately half of all the air pollution today is
caused directly by vehicle emissions and the textile
industry must bear a fair share.
 Industrial sectors pollute more the environment at a rate of
52% percentage.
When the industries are taken into account probably the
textile sector account for 17-20% of the industrial air
pollution. (Dr. Venkatesh Jaganathan, 2014)
 Air pollution is categorized by the emissions
Carbon dioxide
Aerosol fumes and gases
Toxic gases
Smoke and
Dust
 These results in the generation of the green house
gases such as water vapour, methane, nitrous oxide,
chlorofluro carbon and ozone.

Toxic gases spreading in the air will result in

poisoning of the species up to death.
Smoke, results in the visibility loss.
 Oil mist and organic emissions are produced, when textile

materials containing lubricating oils, platicizers, and other

materials that can volatilize or be thermally degraded into

volatile substances, are subjected to heat.

Processes that can be sources of oil mist include tentering,

calendaring, heat setting, drying, and curing.

Acid mist is produced during the carbonization of wool and

during some types of spray dyeing.

 Solvent vapors are released during and after solvent
processing operations such as dry cleaning and volatile
organic compounds from mineral solvents in print pastes
or inks.
Exhaust/expelled gases are emanating from poly-
condensation of melt spinning fiber lines.
Dust and lint can be produced by the processing of natural
fibres and synthetic staple prior to and during spinning, as
well as by napping and carpet shearing.
 Easy care finishing
Formaldehyde carcinogenic agent
Flame retardant finish
Hydrogen cyanide, halogen compounds or oxides of nitrogen,
highly concentrated Carbon monoxide
Drying, curing
HCl and cyanide produced when drying of incompletely removed
excess antistatic, flame retardant or softening compounds occurs.
 Formation of dust film on every surface.
Particles fall into moving parts of machinery
Dirty appearance of product
Effect of Dust - Health Hazards
Cotton dust biossinosis (lung disease)
Asbestos dust lung cancer
Wool dust allergic, sneezing attacks, asthma and related
diseases
S. No Pollutants
1 Carbon-mono-oxide
2 Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2)
3 Sulphur-dioxide, sulphates
4 Methane
5 Carbon-dioxide
6 Hydrocarbons (methane,
ethylene, acetylene etc.,)
7 Aldehydes
8 Chlorine
Effects
Reacts with blood and form carboxy-haemoglobin
which will rest the blood transportation to other
parts of body.
Acid rain, bronchitis, eye irritation
Eye irritation, breathing problem, acid rain
Lungs disorder
Headache, nausea, increase in global temperature
Carcinogenic effects
Irritates all parts of respiratory systems
Causes lung irritation and also eye irritation
 Spinning mill
Maintaining m/c parts
Maintaining hardness of rubber cots
Maintaining RH%
Using overhead pneumatic cleaners
Cyclone filters, Cloth filters

Wet processing unit

Electrostatic precipitator
scrubber
oxidizer
 Height of chimneys:
Chimneys height should not be less than 30 meters and release the
pollutants not in the vicinity of living organism

Gravitational & inertial separator:

These are working on gravitational and inertial concepts of
collecting, filtering etc of the particulate matter.
Eg. settling chambers, dynamic separator and wet cyclones &
multiple cyclones.
 Filters:
Woven or sintered metal beds of fibres, metal turning,
fibrous mats & aggregate bed filter, paper filters and
fabric filters are used for the filtration of particulate
matter like dust, lint and fumes.
 In order to protect the environment every organization should

regularly check and file the documents related to regulations

concerning work place safety.

The management must ensure that the organization has protocol to

implement all the rules regarding the environmental and workers

safety.

The workers of the textile industry should ensure that the

production area is distant from the place where they take food in

order to avoid the consumption of chemicals through air.

 Parvathi, C, Maruthavanan, T and Prakash, C, Environmental
Impacts of Textile Industries, The Indian Textile Journal, Nov,
2009.
Dr. Venkatesh Jaganathan Environmental pollution risk analysis
and management in textile industry: a preventive mechanism
Anna University, India, 2014.
Meral Mungan, Ertugrul Alp, Ulku Yetis, Environmental Risk
Analysis and Risk Management System of a Textile Mill in
Turkey, pp.1-7, 2008
Jones H.R, Pollution Control in Textile Industry,
ISBN:0815504705, pp. 310-320, 1973.