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Thapathali Campus
2017 Dec
HEATING VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING EG ……ME
Lectures: 3 Tutorial: 1
Year: IV Part: I
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
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1. To understand the properties of air and the psychrometric processes that
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2.1 Properties of Air
2.2 Psychrometric relationships
2.3 Adiabatic Saturation Processes
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4.1.7 Humidistat
4.1.8 Cooling towers
4.1.9 Flow control valves
4.2 Air cooled air conditioning machines including automobile air conditioning system
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7 Measuring instruments (4 hours)
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Conditioning, Dhanpar Rai & Sons
Publication, New Delhi, India.
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• Assessment II : 6 marks
• Attendance : 4 marks
7
1. Basic Refrigeration systems review: (5 hours)
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1.3 Air refrigeration system
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• Most practical form of refrigeration
• Working fluid is vapor; readily condenses and evaporates
alternatively between liquid and vapor within the refrigerating
9
Processes of Vapor compression cycle
• Compression
• Condensation
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• Expansion
• Evaporation(Vaporization)
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Flow
Direction
Receiver Tank
Condenser
11
• Vapor at low temperature and pressure enters the compressor where
it is compressed isentropically increasing its temperature and
pressure
• The vapor then goes to condenser where it is condensed to high
pressure and condenser also provides heat transfer medium to the
surrounding resulting in high pressure vapor is collected in receiver
tank
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• From receiver tank liquid line flows to expansion valve where it is
throttled down to low pressure resulting in low pressure liquid at low
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Fig: Ph diagram of Vapor Compression System
conditioning
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Heating Ventilation and air
conditioning
Fig: Ts diagram of Vapor Compression Cycle (Dry Compression)
14
Factors affecting the performance of a
vapor compression system
• Effect on suction pressure
• Effect of delivery pressure
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• Effect of superheating
• Effect of sub cooling of liquid
15
1.2 Vapor Absorption System
• Unlike VCs, Vapor absorption system is a heat operated system
• Compressor of Compression system is replaced with absorber
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and generator
• In order to achieve the different pressure level in this system,
the refrigerant vapor is dissolved in an inert liquid medium at
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• Comparison of Simple and Practical System
• Electrolux
conditioning
Contd..
• Low Pressure NH3 Vapor from Evaporator is absorbed in the low
temperature hot solution in the absorber, releasing latent heat of
condensation, the temperature of the solution tends to rise, while
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the absorber is maintained at same temperature by circulating cold
water absorbing the heat of solution/condensation
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1. Analyser : series of tray mounted above the generator
2. Rectifier : water cooled heat exchanger that condenses
water vapor and sends back to generator
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Contd..
conditioning
Comparison of VCs and VAs
conditioning
Contd..
conditioning
Electrolux
• Domestic Absorption type refrigeration
• Also called three fluid absorption system
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• No moving parts
• Uses three fluid NH3, H2O and H2
24
Contd..
conditioning
Assignment:
• Principle and working mechanism of
Electrolux absorption system
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Heating Ventilation and air
conditioning
26
1.3 Air refrigeration System
• Reversed Carnot Cycle
• Reversed Brayton cycle ( Bell Coleman cycle)
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Heating Ventilation and air
conditioning
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Reversed Carnot Cycle
• Not PRACTICAL Cycle
• Processes
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1. Isothermal Compression
2. Adiabatic Compression
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Contd..
conditioning
Reversed Brayton Cycle
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Flow
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Fig: Brayton Cycle
Working of Bell Coleman Cycle
conditioning