INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
DUNDIGAL – 500 043, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF

CONCRETE AFTER PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE
AGGREGATES WITH WASTE TYRE CRUMB RUBBER

By Under the supervision of

B.Satya Srinivas Dr. J. S.R Prasad
16951D2017 (Professor)
 ABSTRACT
Concrete is most widely used building material in the
world , it is also the largest user of natural resources with an
annual consumption of 12.6 billion tons.
• It is a mixture of cement , Aggregates and Water.
• After cement the major part in the concrete is occupied by
aggregates. Aggregates include Sand , Crushed Stone/ Gravel.
• Use of these conventional materials extensively could deplete
the natural resources unless and until suitable alternatives are
used.
• As the waste tyre rubber is non degradable , its usage in
concrete as aggregates can decrease the potential harm to the
environment.
• It is estimated that 11% of post consumer tyres are exported
and 27% are sent to landfill, stockpiled or dumped illegally
and only 4% is used for civil engineering projects. Hence
efforts are been taken to identify the potential application of
waste tyres in civil engineering projects.
• In this experimental investigation we are partially replacing
fine aggregate with crumb tyre rubber in percentages of 5,10
,15 and 20%. We are going to assess its impact on compressive
and flexural strength, properties of fresh concrete and to find
the optimum percentage of replacement to gain the maximum
strength and compare it with the strength of ordinary M25
concrete.
CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Materials used
4. Methodology
5. Refernces
 INTRODUCTION

• It has been realized that the generation of solid waste and the
disposal problem related to it is a standout amongst the most
vital issues which our human progress is confronting in
present era.

• Population growth, urbanization and the industrialization

causes increased growth in the utilization of various sorts of
materials which has resulted in the huge amount of solid waste
generation.

• Among solid wastes, the tyre rubber wastes or scrap tyres are
one of the hazardous wastes which are being generated and
accumulated on very large scale worldwide every year.
• At present enormous quantities of tyres are already stockpiled
or landfills.

• Tyre land filling is responsible for a serious ecological threat.

Once tyres start to burn down due to any accidental reasons, it
causes high temperature increase and toxic fumes are
generated, besides the high temperature causes tyres to melt,
thus producing an oil that will contaminate soil and water.

• Still millions of tyres are just being buried all over the world.

• Tyre rubber wastes are already used for paving purposes;

however, it can only recycle a part of these wastes.
• Tyre waste can also be used in cement kilns for energetic
purposes and to produce carbon black by tyre pyrolisis, a
thermal decomposition of these wastes in the absence of
oxygen in order to produce byproducts that have low
economic viability.
• Some research has already been conducted on the use of
waste tyre as aggregate replacement in concrete showing
that a concrete with enhanced toughness and sound
insulation properties can be achieved.
stockpiles of waste tyre rubber
Crushed rubber from waste tyre
 Objectives

In this project our main objective is to study the properties of concrete

after the partial replacement of fine aggregates i.e in 5%, 10%, 15%,
& 20% with waste tyre crumb rubber and to compare them with the
properties of ordinary M25 concrete .

• To find the optimum percentage of crumb rubber that would give

the best possible results in the concrete.

• To reduce the effect of the waste tyre rubber as a pollutant to the

environment
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Nadim A. Emira and Nasser S. Bajaba (2012), studied the viability of addition of
waste rubber tyres aggregate as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete,
moreover, effect of curing time on the engineering properties were studied. Different
concrete groups were prepared using plain Portland cement, crumb rubber as
replacement for fine aggregates (0%, 10%, 20 % and 30%) by volume. Different sizes of
crumb rubber were used which has been divided into three groups namely; (0.01- 0.5)
mm, (0.5-2) mm, and (2-3) mm. The specimens of all the different groups were
investigated after differentcuring time namely; 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The grade of
concrete used was M25
Malek K. Batayneh et al. (2008), focused its investigation on utilising crumb rubber
as substitution for natural aggregates used in concrete mix in Jordan. Size of crumb
rubber used in testing varied from 4.75 to 0.15 mm. The replacement is done in different
percentages by volume (20%, 40%, 60 %, 80% and 100%). Type I ordinary Portland
cement was used. The grade for normal concrete used in the study was M25. Effect on
workability, unit weight, compressive strength and split tensile strength were studied,
and also, stress strain relationship analysis was also done
Shanmugapriya M (2015), conducted an investigation to check the feasibility on
the use of rubber modified concrete in light weight structures. Ordinary Portland
cement of 53 grade and rubber tyre aggregates with their size ranging from 12 to 20
mm was used. The replacement with tyre aggregates is done in 3, 6, 9 and 12% (by
weight). The grade for normal concrete used in the study was M25. The mechanical
properties, such as, compressive strength, tensile strength and toughness index were
examined, in addition to this, stress strain response was also studied.
Khalid Battal Najim, (2013), experimentally determined the effect of varying w/c
at constant cement content and aggregate specific surface area, on the fresh state
properties and hardened state properties of rubberized concrete. Feasibility of
designing rubber modified concrete with acceptable workability level was assessed.
High strength Portland cement was used; fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and
(coarse + fine) aggregates was replaced with rubber tyre particles for different
percentages of 10, 20, 30 and 50% (by weight).
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Topcu (1995), analyzed the results of compression tests

conducted on ordinary and rubberized concrete and observed
that the compressive strength of ordinary concrete obtained
from cube tests is higher than that obtained from cylinder
tests.
Biel and Lee (1996), reported that the failure of plain
concrete cylinder’s resulted in explosive conical separations of
cylinders, leaving the specimens in several pieces. As the
amount of rubber in concrete was increased, the severity and
explosiveness of the failures decreased. Failure of concrete
specimens with 30, 45 and 60% replacement of fine aggregate
with rubber particles occurred as a gradual shear that resulted
in a diagonal failure plane.
Topcu and Avcular (1997), studied that, the impact resistance of
concrete increased when rubber aggregates were added to the
mixture. It was argued that this increased resistance was derived
from an increased ability of the material to absorb energy and
insulate sound during impact. The increase became more prominent
in concrete samples containing larger-size rubber aggregates.
M. M. Reda Taha et al. (2008), carried out an experimental
investigation using chipped and crumb rubber as a partial
replacement to coarse and fine aggregates. The size of chipped
rubber tyres varies from 5 to 20 mm and that of crumb rubber tyres
varies from 1 to 5 mm. The replacement levels were 25, 50, 75 and
100% by volume of the coarse and fine aggregates.
 Ordinary Portland cement was used; the grade for normal concrete
used in the study was M25. The fresh concrete properties (unit
weight, slump, air content) and mechanical properties (compressive
strength and impact strength) were examined for different
specimens incorporating different percentage of chipped and crumb
rubber tyres. The effect on fracture toughness was also studied for
chipped rubber tyre aggregates.
K.J. Rao and M.A. Mujeeb (2015), studied the effect of crumb
rubber on properties of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Concrete
and Ternary Blended Cement (TBC) Concrete of M40 grade with
fly ash and silica fume as powders along with cement.
Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was used. Crumb rubber
percentage was varied as 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% in concrete mix
samples. The compressive strength, impact strength and
conductivity test were conducted, moreover, ultrasonic pulse
velocity test was also performed and ultrasonic modulus was
calculated. The impact tests were carried out on modified drop
weight test equipment.
 MATERIALS USED

• CEMENT
• FINE AGGREGATES
• COARSE AGGREGATES
• CRUMB WASTE TYRE RUBBER
• WATER
 METHODOLOGY

The tests are performed here to find the properties of concrete

like
1. Compressive Strength
2. Split tensile test
3. Slump cone test.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

• For this work cubical moulds of size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm are
casted with concrete.
• After 24 hours these moulds are removed and test specimens
are put in water for curing.
• These specimens are tested by compression testing machine
after 7 days curing or 28 days curing.
• Load should be applied gradually at the rate of 140 kg/cm2 per
minute till the Specimens fails.
• Compressive strength of concrete = (load at the failure) / (area
of the specimen)
Compression Testing Machine
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

• The tensile strength of concrete is one of the basic and

important properties. Splitting tensile strength test on concrete
cylinder is a method to determine the tensile strength of
concrete.
• The concrete is very weak in tension due to its brittle nature
and is not expected to resist the direct tension. The concrete
develops cracks when subjected to tensile forces. Thus, it is
necessary to determine the tensile strength of concrete
to determine the load at which the concrete members may
crack.
PROCEDURE

• Take the wet specimen from water after 7 days of curing

• Wipe out water from the surface of specimen
• Draw diametrical lines on the two ends of the specimen to ensure that they
are on the same axial place.
• Note the weight and dimension of the specimen.
• Set the compression testing machine for the required range.
• Keep are plywood strip on the lower plate and place the specimen.
• Align the specimen so that the lines marked on the ends are vertical and
centered over the bottom plate.
• Place the other plywood strip above the specimen.
• Bring down the upper plate to touch the plywood strip.
• Apply the load continuously without shock at a rate of approximately 14-
21kg/cm2/minute (Which corresponds to a total load of 9900kg/minute to
14850kg/minute)
• Note down the breaking load(P).
 REFERENCES

• [1] Eldin NN, Senouci AB (1993) Rubber-tyre particles as concrete

aggregates. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 5 (4): 478–
496.
• [2] Khatib ZK, Bayomy FM (1999) Rubberized Portland cement concrete.
ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 11 (3): 206–213.
• [3] Topcu IB (1995) The properties of rubberized concrete. Cement and
Concrete Research 25 (2):304–310. [5] Topcu IB, Avcular N (1997a)
Collision behaviors of rubberized concrete. Cement and Concrete Research
27 (12): 1893–1898. 15)
• [4] Concrete Aggregates From Discarded Tyre Rubber By Kaushal kishore.
• [5]T. R. Naik and R. Siddique, Properties of Concrete Containing Scrap
Tire Rubber, Feb. (2002).
• [6] Eldin, N.N., and Senouci, A.B. “Rubber-tire Particles as Concrete
Aggregate.” Journal. of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 5(4), 1993,
478–496. ]
• [7]IS: 516 – 1959 Methods of tests for Strength of concrete.
THANK YOU