READING & WRITING WHAT’S REQUIRED Testtakers are required to write the summary of paragraph. Word counts MUST be between 5-75. Only ONE sentence can be used. 10 minutes will be allocated for each paragraph. There may to 2 – 3 questions. SCORING
If the content is 0, whole task
will receive a 0.
If the form receives 0, mark for
the whole task will be 0. SCORING
If grammar and vocabulary
receive 0, marks for the rest of the criteria will remain, and test taker will receive some marks. STRATEGIES We always start with 2 S- #skimming and #scanning. Skimming- finding out main idea (what is the passage about?) Scanning- finding out main words (repeated words, years, numbers, discourse markers) Finding out main ideas can be difficult some times. That’s why we need to identify topic sentence of each paragraphs. To do this- We need to follow the pattern of academic essay. Introduction=> body paragraph 1 => body paragraph 2=> conclusion. Most of the topic sentences are in 1st or 2nd sentence of a paragraph. WE MUST UNDERSTAND JOINING METHODS OF MORE THAN ONE SENTENCES INTO ONE SENTENCE. GRAMMAR: APPOSITIVE An appositive is a word or phrase that renames the noun. It makes positively sure you know what the writer is talking about. We say that an appositive is "in apposition" to the noun, which means that it's next to the noun. Coffee is the most addictive drinks of the world. Coffee can be used for medication purpose. Coffee, the most addictive drink of the world, can be used for medication purpose. USE OF CONJUNCTION: JOINER The parts of speech that is used to “Con Join” sentences. Also known as joiner. Two kinds of conjunctions are used in English language- 1. Coordinating conjunctions- are used to join two parts of the sentence that are grammatically equal and creates compound sentence Coffee is the most addictive drinks of the world and it can be used for medication purpose. 2. Subordinating conjunctions- are used to join dependant clause to independent clause and creates complex sentences Coffee is the most addictive drinks of the world, which can be used for medication purpose. CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS There are SEVEN/7 Co-ordinating conjunctions- F- For A- And N- Nor 2 most commonly used conjunctions. Used B- But to add 2 sentences together with similar O- Or or opposite ideas. Generally both the Y- Yet sentences are independent. S- So SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS A subordinating conjunction is used to link a subordinating clause. That means a dependant clause will be joined with an independent clause. Most common are- Although Though + sub +verb (clause) Even though In spite of Despite + noun/pronoun (phrase) JOINING TECHNICHS: USING CONJUNCTIONS & Discourse Markers SIMILAR IDEA- and, similarly, furthermore, moreover, likewise AND- no comma (,) while joining 2 sentences with similar subject, but if the subjects are different, that is used to join two independent sentences, then comma (,) is required. If used to join complex and simple (compound complex), than a comma (,) is used. Basket ball is the most popular sports in the USA and it is played by the people of all ages. Even though they didn’t agree with each other, Jack and Jill always stuck together, and that is what their parents wanted. FURTHERMORE/MOREOVER- MUST use comma (,) before and after. CONTRADICTORY IDEA- but, however, yet, rather Most of those will be preceded with a comma. If however is used in the middle of a sentence, a comma (,) should be used for both before and after however.