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A Solar Inverter
Introduction
The main aim of this project is to use solar energy for household loads
using an inverter. Solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-
voltaic(PV) cells. This energy is stored in batteries during day time for the
utilization purpose whenever required.
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A Solar Inverter
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A Solar Inverter
Stand-alone inverters
Grid-tie inverters
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A Solar Inverter
Stand-Alone Inverters
Normally these do not interface in any way with the utility grid.
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A Solar Inverter
Grid-Tie Inverters
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A Solar Inverter
These are special inverters which are designed to draw energy from a
battery.
It manage the battery charge via an on board charger, and export excess
energy to the utility grid.
The battery backup inverters are also required to be installed with an anti-
islanding protection.
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A Solar Inverter
Hardware Requirements
Bridge-MOSFETs drive
Step up Transformer
Voltage regulator
MOSFET driver
PWM inverter IC
Solar Panel
Battery
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A Solar Inverter
Battery
The battery has become a common power source for many household,
robotics and industrial applications.
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A Solar Inverter
PWM Inverter IC
The PWM Inverter is used to develop the PWM pulses based on a fixed
frequency using common oscillator.
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A Solar Inverter
PWM Inverter IC
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A Solar Inverter
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A Solar Inverter
MOSFET(IRF 510)
It is by far the most common transistor in both digital and analog circuits,
though the bipolar junction transistor was at one time much more
common.
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A Solar Inverter
The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of the
device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, (β).
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A Solar Inverter
The current gain from the emitter to the collector terminal, Ic/Ie, is called
Alpha, (α), and is a function of the transistor itself
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A Solar Inverter
Solar Panel
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A Solar Inverter
Expose the cell to light, and the energy from each photon (light particle)
hitting the silicon, will liberate an electron and a corresponding hole.
This flow of electrons is a current; the electrical field in the cell causes a
voltage and the product of these two is power.
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A Solar Inverter
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A Solar Inverter
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A Solar Inverter
This energy generated by the panel, in the form of direct current (DC), is
transmitted to the inverter. The job of the inverter is to convert the DC
power the solar panel has generated to alternating current (AC) that is
transmitted on the grid. The inverter converts DC to AC by using two
switches which convert the positive only DC power to an alternating
positive to negative AC power.
The inverter will then step up the voltage from 12 volts to 120volts, which
is the voltage used throughout the US electrical grid. This conversion of
voltage is what allows a 12 volt DC solar polar to be tied into a 120 volt AC
grid.
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A Solar Inverter
Advantage
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A Solar Inverter
Disadvantage
For central inverter, the output from your whole array can drop
significantly, if any one of the panel is shaded.
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A Solar Inverter
Applications
It can be plugs in your house for your TV, computer, and other wired
products.
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A Solar Inverter
Conclusion
Inverters are usually about 95% efficient. Inverters play a significant role
in providing alternate current supplies at the times of crucial power
requirements. The primary use of solar inverters is to convert direct
current to alternating current through an electrical switching process.
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