Ancient Israel

&
The Origins of Judaism
Vocabulary & Terms
Hebrews
 Hebrews
• The language traditionally used by
the Jewish people

• A member of an ancient group of

people who lived mostly in the
Kingdom of Israel and practiced
Judaism
Judaism
 Judaism
• A religion developed among the
ancient Hebrews that stresses
belief in God and faithfulness to
religious law

• The religion of the Jewish people

Torah
Torah
Torah
 Torah
• The sacred text of the Jewish faith

• Where the origins and the basic laws of

the Jewish faith are recorded

• The writings of the Torah are also found

in the Old Testament of the Christian
Bible
covenant
covenant
covenant
covenant
 covenant
• An agreement or promise

• A formal or written agreement

between two or more people,
businesses, or countiries
descendant
descendant
descendant
 descendant
• A daughter or son, granddaughter
or grandson, and so on

• Someone who is related to a person

or group of people who lived in the
past
sacrifice
sacrifice
sacrifice
sacrifice
 sacrifice
• An act of killing a person or animal in
a religious ceremony as an offering
to please a god

• The act of giving up something that

you want to keep in order to help or
please someone else
 prophet
God told Abraham to move
his his family from
Mesopotamia to Canaan.
God also promised Abraham
that He would make him the
father of a great nation and
that He would bless that
nation. Abraham did as he
was told, and his
descendants became known
to us as the Jewish people.
prophet
The Torah tells how
God spoke to Moses,
encouraging him to led his
people out of slavery in Egypt.
Moses passed on the
message to the Hebrews that
God would lead them to
Canaan, the “promised land,”
in exchange for their faithful
obedience.
God also gave Moses
The 10 Commandments
engraved on two stone tablets
to share with the Hebrews.
What do these two
men have in
common?
 prophet
• A person who speaks or interprets
for God to other people

• A man who people in the Jewish,

Christian, or Muslim religion believe
has been sent by God to lead them
and teach them their religion
plague
plague
plague
 plague
• A terrible disaster affecting many
people and thought to be sent by
God as a punishment

• A disease that causes death and that

spreads quickly to a large number of
people
Exodus
Exodus
Exodus
Exodus
Exodus
 Exodus
• exodus: a situation in which a lot of
people leave a particular place at
the same time

• The Exodus: the escape of the

Hebrews from Egyptian slavery
Ten Commandments
Ten Commandments
 Ten Commandments

• The set of rules that God gave to

Moses in order to tell people how
they should behave
Sabbath
 Sabbath
• Friday evening to Saturday evening,
considered a das of rest and prayer
in the Jewish faith

• Sunday, considered the day of rest

and prayer in the Christian faith
Ark of the Covenant
Ark of the Covenant
 Ark of the Covenant

• The chest containing the Ten

Commandments, written on
stone tablets, that the Hebrews
carried with them during their
wanderings after their flight from
Egypt.
Jewish Diaspora
Jewish Diaspora
Jewish Diaspora
Jewish Diaspora
 Jewish Diaspora

• “Diaspora” is a Greek word that

means “scattered.” The Jewish
Diaspora refers to the movement
of Jews out of their traditional
lands to locations throughout the
world.
monotheism
 monotheism

• The belief in only one God

• The belief in one God, which is

held by Jews, Christians, and
Muslims
rabbi
rabbi
rabbi
 rabbi
• A religious teacher who studies and
teaches others about Jewish law

• A person who is trained to make

decisions about what is lawful in
Judaism, to perform Jewish
ceremonies, or to lead a Jewish
congregation
Talmud
Talmud
Talmud
 Talmud
• The writings that male up Jewish
law about religious and non-
religious life

• The collection of ancient Jewish

writings that interpret the law of the
Torah
execute
execute
execute
 execute

• To kill

• To kill someone, especially legally

as a punishment
synagogue
synagogue
 synagogue

• A place of Jewish worship

• A building where Jewish people

meet for religious worship