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Viscosity-fluid property that influences the rate of fluid flow under stress.
dv( x)
Newton’s Law of Viscosity
dy
Units of viscosity
d v
x
dy
Pa
Pa s
m
s
m
Layers of fluid particles with top layer moving
faster than bottom layer
Position
o exp
activation_energy
RT
activation_energy 1
log
log o
R
T
activation_energy 1
log
log o
R
T
The top plate drags the fluid particles in the top fluid layer, which then drag
the particles in the adjacent lower layer, which then drag the particles in the
next lowest layer, and so on—thus giving rise to momentum transfer
Momentum transfer
Units on shear stress and pressure
Force/area=mass*length/time2 * 1/area
= momentum/(time*area)
= momentum flux
V(x)
d
yx v ( x)
dy
y
0
y y y
‘control volume’
Patm
x y
z
x x x
P x- P
x x
yx yx
y y y
0
y x
d d P
yx Function of x unless
d y dx P=constant or P linear with
x.
P
d
yx d dy P P
d y yx
dy yx y C
dy L L L
P d v ( x) d y P
yx
d
v( x) y y dy
dy L
dy L
P 2
v ( x) y C1
2L
P 2
C1
2L
v ( x)
P 2 y2
2L