Reporters:

Ng, Hanna
Ong, Sharmaine
Panol, Mytz
Peredo, Alyssa
Rigon, Sean
WHAT IS A FRACTURE?
A fracture is a partial or complete
break in the bone.
 Fractures may be classified under the following headings
1. Presence of a communicating external wound

Closed fracture Open fracture

(also called simple fracture) (also called compound fracture)

- the bone is broken, but the skin is - the bone exits and is visible
intact. through the skin, or a deep wound
that exposes the bone through the
skin.
2. The fracture can be

Complete and Incomplete

2. Direction and location of the fracture line

- occurs when a - when the bone is

bone has broken broken diagonally
perpendicular to to the axis of the
its the length bone
- plaster cast or
surgical
2. Direction and location of the fracture line

- when a bone - It is broken into 3 or

breaks in a helix
pattern under a
twisting or torsion
force.
- surgery: insert
pins or rods to
stabilize the bones
more pieces
- surgery: places
internal stabilizers,
such as screws or
metal plates, into the
broken pieces of bone
to keep them in place
2. Direction and location of the fracture line
- when a tendon gets
pulled away from the
main part of the bone.
- resting and icing the
affected area,
followed by controlled
exercises. If severe, it
requires surgery.
-where a bone
shatters and
fragments of it are
driven into other
pieces of bone
- require surgery &
can be held in place
with splints or casts.
2. Direction and location of the fracture line

-known as incomplete
fractures or willow
breaks, and they’re
characterized by a bone
crack that doesn’t
actually break the
entire bone.

- splint
 SALTER-HARRIS CLASSIFICATION

S A L T ER
Straight Above Lower Through ERasure of the
across growth plate
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS FRACTURE?

•Pain in the injured area.

•Swelling in the injured area.
•Obvious deformity in the injured area.
•Difficulty using or moving the injured area in a
normal manner.
•Warmth, bruising, or redness in the injured area.
•Bleeding
FIRST AID TREATMENT
Arm Fracture
1. Seek help

2. Check vital signs

3. Look for a bandana and

a magazine, small book
or newspaper

4. Immobilize
Lower leg Fracture
1. Seek help
2. Check vital signs

3. Immobilize using a splint

4. Apply ice
Shoulder Fracture
1. Seek help
2. Check vital signs
3. Immobilize
Neck Fracture
1. Seek help
2. Do not move the
person
Only move a person with a possible neck injury when:

• Their life is in immediate danger and must be moved to

save them
• They are vomiting
• They are choking on blood

3. Check the breathing

and/ or pulse
To determine if they need CPR
Classification of Open Fractures
Gustilo-Anderson classification

• Type I - Open fracture with a wound less than 1 cm in length, and

clean
• Type II - Open fracture with a laceration more than 1 cm in length,
without extensive soft-tissue damage, flaps, or avulsions
• Type III - Either an open segmental fracture, an open fracture with
extensive soft-tissue damage, or a traumatic amputation
The description of type III fractures was subsequently
further refined and described.

• Type IIIa - Severe comminution or segmental fractures, but with

adequate coverage of bone and a wound that is closeable by simple
means
• Type IIIb - Extensive soft-tissue damage in association with the open
fracture, with significant bone exposure and periosteal stripping,
typically requiring tissue rotation or free tissue transfer for closure
• Type IIIc - Any open fracture with an arterial injury that requires
repair
If there was an Open Wound F r a c t u r e
• Assess the situation.
• A digital photograph of the wound, before dressing, will remove the
temptation for successive attendant to expose the wound for inspection.
• Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and control the bleeding (which
should not be removed until it is taken down in the OR). Use clean material
to cover the wound and apply pressure to stop the bleeding around the
bone.
• Create a temporary splint from solid material in the area (may be applied
to protect the soft tissues). Support the area to reduce pain and discomfort
for the individual using soft towels, pillows, clothing or blankets. This will
help to reduce the potential for shock.
• Evaluate and treat for shock. The force of the injury and extent of the
trauma may cause the individual to go into shock.
THANK YOU!
A. Spiral
B. Impacted
C. Avulsion
D .Comminuted

1. It is broken into 3 or more pieces

2. Bone breaks in a helix pattern under twisting or torsion force
3. Bone shatters and fragments of it are driven into other pieces of bone
4. Tendon gets pulled away from the main part of the bone
5. Emergency call of the Philippines