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OVERVIEW of PHILIPPINE OVERSEAS

MIGRATION

ATIKHA
ATIKHA OVERSEAS WORKERS AND COMMUNITIES INITIATIVE, INC. 1
www.atikha.org
OUR PARTNERS

www.atikha.org
No other social
phenomenon,
perhaps, has
affected most countries
of the world than the
overseas migration of a
significant number of
people…
3
+/-4000
+/-220 30%

Country of
10.4 M overseas TOP 3
workers

10% 70%

MIGRATION FACTS AND FIGURES

Reuniting Families, Rebuilding Communities, Recreating Economic Opportunities in the Philippines.


THE FILIPINO DIASPORA
a diverse group of overseas Filipinos

10.4 M Filipinos Overseas (CFO, 2012)


• Permanent worker/immigrants- 4.86M: (47%)
• Regular temporary migrants- 4.51: (43%)
• Irregular worker- 1.07M(10%)

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THE FILIPINO DIASPORA
• permanent residents or immigrants
 in the United States (2 to 2.5 million), Canada, and
Australia, Japan, and Germany
 professionals and spouses of nationals of the host
countries
 attained affluence having had exercised their professions,
established businesses or have good paying jobs
 acquired the citizenship and brought family members and
relatives in host countries; second generation

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THE FILIPINO DIASPORA
• temporary contract workers
 land-based OFWs
 service workers, production workers, and professional and technical
workers
 in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, United States, Hong
Kong and China, Qatar, Japan, Malaysia, Italy and Taiwan
 sea-based or seafarers
 in international fishing, passenger or cargo vessel
 Filipinos composed the 30% of the total maritime population

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THE FILIPINO DIASPORA
irregular migrants
 Those who are not properly documented, or who are
without valid residence or work permits, or who may be
overstaying tourists in a foreign country
 in the United States, Malaysia, Syria, Germany,
Singapore
 in 3D jobs—dirty, demeaning, and dangerous

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HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE OVERSEAS MIGRATION
Waves of Filipinos in search for a better life

First Wave:1900s
• agricultural workers in Hawaii and other parts of the
United States;
• some worked in the fish canneries of Alaska

Second Wave: 1960s


• nurses, doctors, medical technicians in the United
States, Canada, and other European countries
• Filipino students to the United States

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HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE OVERSEAS MIGRATION
Third Wave: 1970s
• actively encouraged by the Philippine government
• in large numbers to fill in labor shortages in rich and
industrializing countries as construction workers,
nannies, domestic workers, nurses, and entertainers

4th Wave: Feminization of overseas Filipino migration


• 1970s- women only 12% of the overseas workforce;
• 1987- about 48.2%; 1993- about 55%;
• 2000- around 64% of overseas deployment and until the
present time more than 50% of total number of OFWs yearly
are women.
• women as domestic workers, caregivers, professional and
technical employees, nurses, clerical and sales workers, and
entertainers.

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HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE OVERSEAS MIGRATION

Under the Marcos government, the export of


labor program was established.

The program was entrenched and enhanced


under the successive governments under
Corazon Aquino, Fidel Ramos, Joseph Estrada,
and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

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International labour
migration is
temporary

Overseas contract
workers are heroes
and heroines Create one million
job every year…
-Hongkong, 1988-

PHILIPPINES
2000

Reuniting Families, Rebuilding Communities, Recreating Economic Opportunities in the Philippines.


“Our goal is to create jobs at home so that there will be no
need to look for employment abroad. However, as we work
towards that end, I am ordering the DFA, POEA, OWWA,
and other relevant agencies to be even more responsive to
the needs and welfare of our overseas Filipino Workers.”

President Benigno C. Aquino III


Inaugural Address, 30 June 2010

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DUALITY OF OVERSEAS MIGRATION
Duality:
Positive and Negative Aspects of Migration

Families:
• Does migration lead to better lives or does it
create social problems among the OFWs and
families left behind?

Philippines:
• Does migration bring or hinder development in
our country and communities?

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