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Unit -III

Automotive Electronics
Stability Augumentation
• Existence of Electronically controlled systems
• Automatic breaking systems for proper controlling
• Stability control system would incorporate vehicle roll and yaw rate
sensors, for providing dynamically controlling mechanism
Transmission Control
• Automatic transmission control should be controlled for keeping
proper drive mechanism.
• Traditional systems are based on Hydraulic & Pneumatic , but due to
disadvantage need to use Electronic systems
• Torque control for proper speed optimization
• CVT (Cont. Variable Transmission) is an alternative to the automatic
transmission.
CVT – block diagram
Working of CVT
• continuously variable transmissions don't have a gearbox with a set
number of gears, which means they don't have interlocking toothed
wheels.
• The most common type of CVT operates on an ingenious pulley
system that allows an infinite variability between highest and lowest
gears with no discrete steps or shifts.
Control System Approach in Automotive
• Cruise Control
• More functions other than only controlling speed
• Can accelerate or decelerate the vehicle by 1 mph with the tap of button.
• Also supports different safety features
• It will disconnects with main system as soon as hit the pedal.
• It wont enguage at speeds less than 40 kmph
Cruise Control
• Type of Electronic Control
1. Analogue + hard wired logic;
2. Digital, using a discrete cruise controller;
3. Digital cruise control function incorporated in the engine control
module.
4. Digital cruise control function incorporated in the Electronic
Throttle Control (ECT) and engine ECU, with electronic systems
multiplexed together via typically one or more CAN-Bus systems
Working
• The block diagram below shows the main elements of a typical cruise
control system (vehicle speed control system).
• With a manual throttle, the cruise control uses a stand alone speed
control amplifier and a servo that operates on the main throttle.

Working – contd..
• With an electronic throttle, the cruise control electronics reduces to
the input switches and logic, the electronic control function becomes
part of the Engine Control ECU software and operates on the main
throttle.
• From a functional point of view, the cruise control system remains the
same with either a manual or electronic throttle.
• A signal proportional to road speed is fed back and compared with a
set speed reference to give a speed error signal that is used to control
throttle position, and hence engine power, so as to change the speed
to reduce the speed error signal to zero.
• In some analogue systems, the speed reference voltage is held in a
sample and hold amplifier that uses a low loss capacitor.
Adaptive Cruise COntrol
• More advanced
• Along with Satellite Mapping
• Automatic speed adjust between adjacent vehicles
• Accelereate & decelerate as per requirement
• Radar Tracking is required
• Companies developing are : TRW & Delphi
Advanced Cruise COntrol
• Proper control achived by Adaptive Control but, due to Braking
conditions its not possible to maintain the speed
• Limited braking capability in combination with aerodynamic grag &
tire-rolling resistance
• Advanced Cruise control means automatic braking
• Braking applied through Master Cylinder with fluid pressure on
braking system
Traction Control
• Transmission depends on output shaft ie coupled with drive axels via
the differential
• Differential is necessary for drive train as left & right wheels turn at
different speeds whenever there is curve on road
• Hence due to large difference between tire / road friction from left to
right this differential will tend to spin the vehicle
• Thus vehicle will lead towards accident
• Hence Traction Control is required

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