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RAILWAY ENGINEERING

BY: ROHIT RANA


461412
CIVIL ENGG.(8TH SEM.)
BALLAST CRIB
BALLAST
CESS
Ballast Crib & Ballast cess

BALLAST CESS
RAIL

BALLAST CRIB

SLEEPER
Fishplate & Fish Bolt
Level Crossing
Points & Crossings
Concrete sleeper
Cast Iron Sleeper
CONONG OF WHEELS
Coning of Wheels
Tractive Resistances
1. Train Resistance
I. Speed Independent (Rolling) Resistances
II. Speed Dependent Resistances
III. Atmospheric Resistances
2. Resistance due to Track Profile
I. Grade Resistance
II. Curve resistance
3. Resistance due to Starting & accelerating
4. Wind Resistance
Track stresses
Track Modulus

 Load Per Unit Length of the rail Required to


Produce Unit Depression.
 Depends Upon:
1. Gauge
2. Type of Rail section
3. Type of sleeper and density
4. Type of ballast section
5. Subgrade
Track stresses

1. Wheel loads
2. Dynamic effect of wheel loads
3. Hammer Blow
4. Lateral Thrust due to Nosing Action
5. Pressure Exerted by the flanges of the wheels on
sides of rails
6. Stresses due to Irregularity of track
7. Additional stresses on curves
Hauling Capacity (H.C) &
Tractive Effort (Te)
 Load handled by the locomotive
 H.C is the Product of Coefficient of friction &
Weight on the driving wheels.
Average value of Coefficient of friction= (1/6)
Buckling of Track Due to
Temperature stresses
Stresses in Rail

 Longitudinal Stresses due to Tractive Effort &


Braking Forces.
 Thermal stresses
 Due irregularity there will be heavy impact on the
rails.
 Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength of Rail = 72.42
kg/cm2
Stresses in the Sleepers

 Stresses in sleepers depends upon:


 Wheel load
 Irregularities in the track
 Speed
 Dynamic effect of wheels on rails
 Elasticity of the rail
Stresses in the Ballast

Stresses in Ballast depends on:


 Elastic Property of the sleeper
 Degree of compaction
 Nature of Ballast bed
• Bigger the cess & size of sleeper, lesser the
Pressure in ballast & formation.
Stresses in the Formation

 Stresses in subgrade is decreased by increasing


both depth & Size of the Ballast.
 Quality & Gradation of Ballast influences ultimate
pressure on formation.
Thank You!

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