Essentials of Computers Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Ravindra Reddy
What is GUI ?
A visual way of interacting with a computer using items such as windows, icons, and
menus, used by most modern operating systems.
What is CUI ?
Console User Interface

Or

Character User Interface

About CUI

In CUI user has to interact with the applications by making use of commands, in CUI only one task can
run at a time. Everything is done by using commands

Example(DOS, Unix)
About CUI

The Graphical User Interface or GUI is the technological interface most of us are familiar with. There was a time when
you told a computer what to do through text commands (before that it was an index card with holes punched in it
called a “punch card”).

As you might imagine a point and click approach to computing provided a lot of benefits over a text-based approach.
GUI Components
GUI Components
What is File System
About File System

A file system is the methods and data structures that an operating system uses to keep track of files on a disk or
partition; that is, the way the files are organized on the disk.

The word is also used to refer to a partition or disk that is used to store the files or the type of the file system
Examples of File System
About File System

Examples include
FAT (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), exFAT, NTFS, HFS and HFS+, HPFS, APFS, UFS, ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS, btrfs, ISO 9660, Files-
11, Veritas File System, VMFS, ZFS, ReiserFS and UDF.
File Attributes
About File System

File attributes are settings associated with computer files that grant or deny certain rights to how a user or the
operating system can access that file.

For example, IBM compatible computers running MS-DOS or Microsoft Windows have capabilities of having read,
archive, system, and hidden attributes
File Attributes

Read-only - Allows a file to be read, but nothing can be written to the file or changed.

Archive - Tells Windows Backup to backup the file.

System - System file.

Hidden - File will not be shown when doing a regular dir from DOS.
About File Structure
File Structure

File Structure - is the way you organize your folders on your computer. Keeping all your documents under one folder
is a great way to keep organized and make things easy for backing up your computer.

Try to keep a maximum of 4 or 5 folders deep under the main document folder.
About File allocation
About File allocation

A file allocation table (FAT) is a table that an operating system maintains on a hard disk that provides a map of the
clusters (the basic units of logical storage on a hard disk) that a file has been stored in.
About track

A track is also a data storage ring on a computer floppy diskette or hard drive that is capable of storing information.
The illustration to the right shows how a track goes all around the platter, as well as how it is used to help locate and
retrieve information from a disk or diskette.
About sector

In computer disk storage, a sector is a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk or optical disc. Each sector stores a
fixed amount of user-accessible data, traditionally 512 bytes for hard disk drives (HDDs) and 2048 bytes for CD-ROMs
and DVD-ROMs. ... The sector is the minimum storage unit of a hard drive.
About Sectors and Clusters.

Sectors and Clusters. Each track is divided into sections called sectors. A sector is the smallest physical storage unit
on the disk. The data size of a sector is always a power of two, and is almost always either 512 or 4096 bytes
Thank you