Hemostasis

Hemostasis
is the process of arresting the loss of blood
from the blood vessels.
is the collective term for all the physiologic
mechanisms the body uses to protect itself
from blood loss.
is the process by which the body
simultaneously stops bleeding from an injured
site, yet maintains blood in the fluid state
within the vascular compartment.
Hemostatic components:
1. Extravascular component = surrounding tissues
☺ provides back pressure on the injured vessel
through swelling and trapping of escaped blood

2. Vascular component = blood vessels

☺ arrest bleeding through dilation or contraction

3. Intravascular component = platelets and CHONs (e.g.

fibrin-forming, fibrinolytic and inhibitors)
☺ platelet plug formation, coagulation,
fibrinolysis and clot dissolution
 4 Interrelated Systems involving
Hemostatic Process
Vessel damage

initiates

Vasocontriction Platelet Coagulation Fibrinolysis

activation

Platelet plug

Platelet – Stable fibrin Clot

Vessel contact
fibrin clot forms clot forms dissolves
after healing
Abnormalities that can affect Hemostasis:

Congenital
Acquired

Minor
easy bruising
Life-threatening
hemorrhage
 Collagen
Basement membrane

vWF
endothelium

Ib

ADP
ADP
ADP IIb/IIIa I
ADP TxA2
PDGF
ATP

thrombin

ATP
PDGF
TxA 2

endothelium
Basement membrane
Collagen
Role of Blood Vessels in
HEMOSTASIS
 Vessel damage

initiates

Vasocontriction Platelet Coagulation Fibrinolysis

activation

Platelet plug

Platelet – Stable fibrin Clot

Vessel contact
fibrin clot forms clot forms dissolves
after healing
Role of Platelets in
HEMOSTASIS
 Vessel damage

initiates

Vasocontriction Platelet Coagulation Fibrinolysis

activation

Platelet plug

Platelet – Stable fibrin Clot

Vessel contact
fibrin clot forms clot forms dissolves
after healing
 Collagen
Basement membrane

vWF
endothelium

Ib

ADP
ADP
ADP IIb/IIIa I
ADP TxA2
PDGF
ATP

thrombin

ATP
PDGF
TxA 2

endothelium
Basement membrane
Collagen
PLATELET COUNT

Remain as one of the most important test in the

evaluation of several hematologic malignancies, bleeding
disorders and hemorrhagic viral diseases.
In times when the linearity of automated cell
counters is compromised as to its ability to perform its
function, manual platelet counts become indispensable.
PLATELET ESTIMATES

The platelets are also observed for any

abnormalities in their morphology.
The total number of platelets counted in ten OIF is
divided by 10 to give the average number per field. (The
total platelet count per mm3 can be estimated by
multiplying this number by 20, 000.)
PLATELET COUNT
Using the hemocytometer:

C/mm3 = Avg x D (mm) x DF

A (mm2)

Ex:
Side A = 156 Side B = 180
Ave: 336/2 = 168

Plts / mm3 = 168 x 10 x 100

1
PLATELET COUNT
Using the hemocytometer:

Plts / mm3 = 168 x 10 x 100

1
Plts / mm3 = 168 x 1,000
Plts / mm3 = 168, 000
Plts /L= 1.68 x 10 9

nv: 150,000 – 400,000 cells/uL

150 – 400 x 10 9/L