You know that data refer to raw facts and figures that

may consist of alphabet, numbers, sounds, pictures

and images
A bit is the short form of a binary digit. A computer system
represents the data using the digit 0 and 1. this digit shows
whether the computer circuits are of or on. A bit is
therefore represented by an electronic circuit i.e. either off
or on.
A byte is a collection of 8 bits . A byte of information is
stored by using several bits in a predefined
combination called bit pattern.
A field is a collection of bytes that contain information
about an item.
A record is a collection of inter related fields
A file is a collection of related records
A database is a collection of all the file in an
organisation.