Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Driving
Driving Forces
Forces
1.
1. Telecommunications
Telecommunications
2.
2. Diversity
Diversityof
ofWorkers
Workers
3.
3. Public
Publicconsciousness
consciousness
4.
4. Global
Globalmarketplace
marketplace
5.
5. Community
Communityof ofstakeholders
stakeholders
6.
6. The
Thepace
paceof
ofknowledge
knowledge
What is Management? (cont’d)
– Political liberty
b. Loyalty
• X - they are committed as everyone else working
there
• Y - already working out their exit strategy
What influences management
thought? (cont’d)
2. Political –influence of politics and legal
institutions on people and organization
• The formation of the UN, IMF
• The need for self-government, property rights,
contract rights, and justice
• The spread of capitalism has altered the business
landscape Worldwide
• The growing interdependence amongst countries
What influences management
thought? (cont’d)
3. Economic – availability, production
and distribution of resources (now about
ideas, information and knowledge)
• Formation of the WTO and other such agreements
2000
The Technology-Driven Workplace
1990 2010
The Learning Organization
1980 2010
Total Quality Management
2000
1970
Contingency Views
1950 2000
Systems Theory
1940 2000
Management Science Perspective
1930 1990
Humanistic Perspective
1890 1990
Classical 1940
1870 2010
OBJECTIVES
1.Components of the
classical and humanistic
perspectives
2.Look at the
LEARNING
management science
perspective
Theories and Perspectives that
Contributed to the Field of Management
• A. Classical Perspective
• B. Humanistic Perspective
A. Scientific management,
B. Bureaucratic organizations,
C. Administrative principles.
Contributors
• Many persons contributed to the
development of management
• Practicing managers (Practitioners)
– Experiences, theories and reflections
• Social Scientists (Researchers/Academics)
Taylorism
• Scientific Management - this is
where some -one up there controls
the lesser beings down there.
Taylor was not for this view.
Classical Theory -
Criticisms
• Did not appreciate social context of work and higher needs of workers.
• Did not acknowledge variance among individuals.
• Tended to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas
2. Bureaucratic Organizations
• Max Weber (1864-1920) - Germany
• Published the theory of Social and
Economic Organizations
• A systematic approach developed in Europe that looked at the
organization as a whole
• Max Weber (1864-1920) - introduced management on an
impersonal, rational basis through defined authority and
responsibility, formal recordkeeping, and separation of
management and ownership.
• Weber’s organization was the bureaucracy: division of labor,
hierarchy, rules and procedures, written decisions and promotion
based on technical qualifications
3. Administrative principles
Contributors - Henri Fayol (1841-1925), Mary
Parker, and Chester I. Barnard
•Henri Fayol (1841-1925) - French Engineer
•Focused on the total organization rather than the
individual worker, define the management functions
of planning, organizing, commanding (Leading),
coordinating, and controlling.
3. Administrative principles
Contributors - Mary Parker Follett (1868 – 1993), and
Chester I. Barnard
• A. Classical Perspective
• B. Humanistic Perspective
Self-
actualization
Esteem
Belongingness
Safety
Physiological
Based on needs satisfaction
Douglas McGregor
Theory X & Y
1906-1964
Theory X Assumptions
Theory Y Assumptions
• Dislike work –will avoid it • Do not dislike work
• Must be coerced, controlled, directed, or • Self direction and self control
threatened with punishment
• Seek responsibility
• Prefer direction, avoid responsibility, • Imagination, creativity widely
little ambition, want security
distributed
• Intellectual potential only
partially utilized
The Development of Management –
B. Humanistic Theory
• A. Classical Perspective
• B. Humanistic Perspective
• C. Management Science
Perspective
Management Perspectives Over Time
– The Story
2000
The Technology-Driven Workplace
1990 2010
The Learning Organization
1980 2010
Total Quality Management
2000
1970
Contingency Views
1950 2000
Systems Theory
1940 2000
Management Science Perspective
1930 1990
Humanistic Perspective
1890 1990
Classical 1940
1870 2010
3. Management Science
Perspective
• Emerged after WW II
• The frequency with which material and people had to
move from place to place gave rise to several
problems and opportunities after the war
1. Systems Theory -
2. Contingency View -
Exhibit 2.5, p. 58
2. Contingency View of Management
Team-Based Structure
Learning
Organization
Empowered Open
Employees Information
The Technology Driven
Workplace and its impact on
management
• What we have now is a technology invasion
• The online syndrome
• Technology creating new technologies
• New types of jobs been created
• More jobs are now more “Knowledge work”
Types of E-Commerce
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Selling Products and
Services Online
Consumer-to-Consumer
Business-to-Business (B2B) (C2C)
Transactions Between Electronic Markets
Organizations Created by Web-Based
Intermediaries
Management Perspectives Over
Time – The Story
2000
The Technology-Driven Workplace
1990 2010
The Learning Organization
1980 2010
Total Quality Management
2000
1970
Contingency Views
1950 2000
Systems Theory
1940 2000
Management Science Perspective
1930 1990
Humanistic Perspective
1890 1990
Classical 1940
1870 2010
Rap up
• We are history makers; we are living histories
● Systems Theory -
● Contingency View -