AIR POLLUTION

2 PRESENTATION
OUTLINE
1. Air Pollution Definition
2. Types of Air Pollution
3. Sources of Air Pollutants
4. Concept of Dispersion
Modelling
3 AIR POLLUTION

“ is the introduction of harmful substances into the Earth’s atmosphere, that

may cause diseases, allergies or death in humans, harm other living
organisms and damage the natural or built environment “
 TYPES OF
4 AIR POLLUTION
Indoor Pollution
▹ It is assumed worse than outdoor
pollution
▹ caused by introduction of materials
from:
▸ Smoking
▸ Burning fossil fuels indoor
(i.e. kerosene, petroleum, coal)
▸ Cooking activity
▸ Chemical from cleaning
product, wall paints, and air
fresheners
 TYPES OF
5 AIR POLLUTION
Outdoor Pollution
▹ Large portion of worlds
population is regularly exposed
to harmful air quality
▹ Considered worse in developing
country
▹ Caused by:
▸ Vehicle exhaust
▸ Emission from industries
▸ Smog
▸ Greenhouse effect
▸ volcanic eruption
▸ radioactive decay
▸ Forest fire
 TYPES OF “Air Pollutant is
the substance
6 AIR POLLUTANT
which contaminate
air”
Air pollutant are categorized in
two broad categories
▹ Primary pollutant
Are those released directly into the air. Such as
CO, NO2, SO2, etc.

▹ Secondary pollutant
Are primary pollutant that are converted into
other compounds in atmosphere due to chemical
reaction with each other or photochemical
 SOURCES OF
7 AIR POLLUTANT
Two main source of air pollutant

▹ Natural sources
Forest fire, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion,
pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic
compounds, and natural radioactivity.

▹ Anthropogenic sources
Burning fuels (mobile or stationery), power
plants, fertilizers, fumes from paint, hair spray,
varnish and many cleaning products.
 ” Dispersing modelling is the mathematical
simulation of how air pollutant disperse in the
ambient atmosphere
THE CONCEPT
OF ”
DISPERSING
MODELING

The modeling purpose:

1. To predict the downwind concentration of air pollutants emitted from sources as
industrial plants and vehicular traffic
2. To determine whether existing or proposed new industrial facilities are or will be in
compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
3. To assist in the design of effective control strategies to reduce emissions of harmful air
pollutants
 FACTORS AFFECTING DISPERSION
9 OF POLLUTANT IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Source characteristics
▹ Emission rate of pollutant
▹ Stack height
▹ Exit velocity of the gas
▹ Exit temperature of the gas
▹ Stack diameter
Meteorological condition
▹ Wind velocity
▹ Wind direction
▹ Ambient temperature
▹ Atmospheric stability
 THE INPUT OF
10 DISPERSION MODELS
The dispersion models requires the input of data which includes:

▹ Meteorological condition such as wind speed and direction, the amount of atmospheric
turbulence, the ambient air temperature and the height to the bottom of any inversion aloft
that may be present.
▹ Emission parameters such as source location and height, source vent stack diameter and exit
velocity, exit temperature and mass flow rate
▹ Terrain elevation at the source location and at the receptor location
▹ The location, height and width of any obstructions such as buildings or other structures in
the path of emitted gaseous plume
 TYPES OF
11 DISPERSION MODELS
Plume models Puff models
Plume models were originally Puff models are used when you have
developed for dispersion from a smoke essentially an instantaneous release
stack. and the cloud is swept downwind.
In an emergency if there is a leak in a No significant plume develops
large tank then a plume can develop
12 REFERENCE

Beychok, M.R. (2005). Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion (4th ed.). self-published.

Turner, D.B. (1994). Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling
(2nd ed.). CRC Press.

Vallero, A.D. (2008). Fundamentals of Air Pollution (4th ed.). Amsterdam, Elsevier.