Intangible Assets & Impairments of Assets

12 Intangible Assets
Intermediate Accounting
14th Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield

12-1
Intangible Assets
Research and Presentation of

Intangible Types of Impairment of
Development Intangibles and
Asset Issues Intangibles Intangibles
Costs Related Items
Characteristics Marketing- Limited-life Identifying Intangible

Valuation related intangibles R&D assets
Amortization Customer- Indefinite-life Accounting R&D costs
related intangibles for R&D
Artistic- other than Similar costs
related goodwill
Conceptual
Contract- Goodwill questions
related Summary
Technology-
related
Goodwill
12-2
PSAK 19
 Dikecualikan dari penerapan PSAK 19 :
 Aset tidak berwujud yang diatur standar lain
(goodwill-PSAK 22)
 Aset keuangan (PSAK 50- Instrumen Keuangan)
 Hak penambangan (PSAK 29) dan sumber daya
lain yang tidak dapat diperbarui
Kita akan konsentrasi di PSAK 19 dan 22
12-3
Soal
Aset tak Berwujud
1. Paten
a.Jurnal Paten
b.Penyajian nilai paten dalam Laporan Keuangan
2. Lisences
a. Jurnal lisensi (straight line)
b.Jurnal menaikkan dan menurunkan nilai lisensi
3. Nilai tercatat aset tak berwujud
4. Goodwill (akuisisi)
a.Nilai Goodwill
b.Transasi pembelian (akuisisi)
c.Penurunanan nilai Goodwill (impairment loss)
d.Perbaikan nilai Goodwill (recoverable amount)
5.Penyebab, indikasi, perlakuan akuntansi penurunan nilai aset
6.Pemulihan nilai aset
12-4
Intangible Asset Issues
Characteristics
(1) Lack physical existence, Can be identified or existed from legal rights
(2) Not financial instruments.
Normally classified as long-term asset.
Common types of intangibles:
 Patents  Trademarks or trade names
 Copyrights  Goodwill
 Franchises or licenses
Controlable :
Capable to generate economic benefits and limited other access to gain
economic benefits. The economic benefits define as income,cost saving or
other benefits that can translate into monetary unit.
12-5 LO 1 Describe the characteristics of intangible assets.

Valuation
Purchased Intangibles:
 Recorded at cost.
 Includes all costs necessary to make the intangible asset
ready for its intended use.
 Typical costs include:
► Purchase price.
► Legal fees.
► Other incidental expenses.
Internally Created Intangibles:

 Generally expensed.
 Only capitalize direct costs incurred in developing the
intangible, such as legal costs.
12-6 LO 2 Identify the costs to include in the initial valuation of intangible assets.
Amortization of Intangibles
Limited-Life Intangibles:
 Amortize by systematic charge to expense over useful life.
 Credit asset account or accumulated amortization.
 Useful life should reflect the periods over which the
asset will contribute to cash flows.
 Amortization should be cost less residual value.
Indefinite-Life Intangibles:
 No foreseeable limit on time the asset is expected to
provide cash flows.
 No amortization.
 Must test indefinite-life intangibles for impairment at
least annually.
12-7 LO 3 Explain the procedure for amortizing intangible assets.

Illustration 12-1
Amortization of Intangibles Accounting Treatment
for Intangibles
Assets with finite lives are amortized over their useful life. Impairment testing
should be performed whenever events give rise to the recoverability of the
intangible asset.
Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized and should be reviewed
at least annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not the asset is impaired.
12-8 LO 3 Explain the procedure for amortizing intangible assets.
Types of Intangibles
Six Major Categories:
Marketing Customer Artistic
Trademarks or trade Customer lists, order or Plays, literary works,
names, newspaper production backlogs, musical works,
mastheads, Internet and both contractual and
pictures,
domain names, and non- non-contractual
competition agreements. customer relationships photographs, and
video and
audiovisual material.
10 Years Own estimation Life creator+ 70 Years

Capitalize acquisition Capitalize acquisition Capitalize costs of
costs. costs. acquiring + defending.
No amortization Amortized to expense Copyright granted for the
over useful life. life of the creator plus 70
years.
12-9 LO 4 Describe the types of intangible assets.

Contract Technology Goodwil
Franchise and licensing Patented technology and trade Conceptually, represents the
agreements, construction secrets granted by the U.S. future economic benefits arising
permits, broadcast rights, and Patent and Trademark Office. from the other assets acquired in
service or supply contracts. a business combination that are
not individually identified and
separately recognized.
Only recorded when an entire
business is purchased.
Over agreed life Exclusive rights 20 Years or own In-definite life.

(Bisa definite atau indefinite) estimation which one lower
Franchise (or license) with a • Capitalize costs of • Cost of the purchase over the
limited life should be amortized purchasing a patent. FMV of the identifiable net
to expense over the life of the • Expense any R&D costs in assets purchased.
developing a patent. • Internally created goodwill
franchise.
should not be capitalized
Franchise with an indefinite life
should be carried at cost and not
amortized. Amortize over legal life or useful • Not be amortized
life, whichever is shorter. • Only adjust carrying value
when goodwill is impaired
12-10
Valuation after recognition
Same as PSAK16 Fixed Assets

 Cost Method
 Acquisition cost – accumulated amotization–
accumulated of impairment
 Revaluation Model,
 Fair value– accumulated amortization–
accumulated of impairment
12-11 11
Masa Manfaat
 Pengukuran setelah pengakuan awal aset tak berwujud didasarkan

pada usia manfaatnya
 Entitas harus menilai apakah masa manfaat dari aset tak berwujud:
Terbatas atau Tak Terbatas
Jangka waktu atau – Berdasarkan analisis seluruh faktor

jumlah produksi atau relevan
jumlah unit serupa – Tidak ada batas yang terlihat pada
yang dihasilkan, saat ini atas periode yang mana aset
selama masa manfaat diharapkan menghasilkan manfaat
– “Tak Terbatas” berbeda dengan “Tak
Terhingga”
Diamortisasi Tidak Diamortisasi

12-12 12
Amortisasi
Masa  Dimulai ketika aset tersedia untuk

Manfaat digunakan
Terbatas
 Dihentikan pada waktu yang lebih dulu
antara ketika aset digolongkan
sebagai tersedia untuk dijual (PSAK
58) atau tanggal ketika aset dihentikan
pengakuannya
 Metode harus menggambarkan pola
Amortisasi
konsumsi atas manfaat aset.
Dr. Beban Amortisasi xxx

Cr. Aset (atau akumulasi amortisasi)
xxx
12-13 13
Amortisasi
 Nilai residu direview setiap

Nilai Residu akhir periode
 Perubahan nilai residu
diperhitungkan sebagai
perubahan estimasi
akuntansi (PSAK 25)
12-14 14
Masa Manfaat Tak Terbatas
 Tidak diamortisasi  impairment test setiap

tahun dan kapan pun bila ada indikasi
penurunan nilai.
 Masa manfaat ditelaah setiap akhir periode
 Masa manfaat tak terbatas  suatu ketika
bisa berubah jadi terbatas
 Perubahan estimasi
 Indikasi penurunan nilai
12-15 15
Rugi Penurunan Nilai
 Rugi Penurunan Nilai = Nilai terpulihkan
penuh – Net Identifiable Asset
 Nilai terpulihkan = Mana yang lebih besar
antara Nilai wajar setelah dikurangi ongkos
menjual VS PV Expected cash flow
Penurunan nilai pertama kali atas TOTAL ASSET dialokasikan untuk
menurunkan nilai goodwill, jika masih tersisa akan dialokasikan
prorate atas aset tetap atau aset tak berwujud selain goodwill yang
dimiliki entitas.
Good will impairment loss can’t be reverse
Dr. Rugi penurunan nilai xxx
Cr. Aset (atau akumulasi penurunan nilai) xxx
12-16 16
Penghentian dan Pelepasan
 Dihentikan pengakuannya ketika:

 Dalam (proses) pelepasan; atau
 Ketika tidak terdapat lagi manfaat ekonomis
masa depan yang diharapkan
 Keuntungan / kerugian diakui di Laporan
Laba Rugi
12-17 17
Pengungkapan
Pengungkapan umum:
 Aset yang dihasilkan internal dengan yang lainnya
 Masa manfaat terbatas atau tak terbatas
 Metode amortisasi
 Jumlah tercatat bruto dan akumulasi amortisasi
dengan akumulasi penurunan nilai pada awal dan
akhir periode
 Unsur – unsur dalam laporan pendapatan
komprehensif
 Penambahan, Penurunan, kerugian penurunan nilai,
amortisasi yang diakui, perubahan lainnya pada
jumlah tercatat selama periode.
12-18 18
2. Pengungkapan
 Untuk aset tak berwujud tak terbatas
 Jumlah tercatat
 Alasan yang mendukung masa manfaat tak terbatas
 Untuk yang menggunakan model revaluasi
 Tanggal efektif revaluasi
 Jumlah tercatat yang direvaluasi
 Jumlah tercatat yang diakui apabila diukur dengan
metode biaya
 Jumlah surplus revaluasi awal dan akhir periode
 Metode dan asumsi dalam mengestimasi nilai wajar
aset
 Nilai keseluruhan biaya riset dan
pengembangan yang diakui sebagai biaya
selama periode
12-19 19
Illustration: Green Market Inc. acquires the customer list of a

large newspaper for $6,000,000 on January 1, 2012. Green
Market expects to benefit from the information evenly over a
three-year period. Record the purchase of the customer list and
the amortization of the customer list at the end of each year.
Jan. 1 Customer List 6,000,000

Cash 6,000,000
Dec. 31 Amortization expense 2,000,000

2010
Customer list 2,000,000
2011
2012
Illustration: Harcott Co. incurs $180,000 in legal costs on January

1, 2012, to successfully defend a patent. The patent’s useful life is
20 years, amortized on a straight-line basis. Harcott records the
legal fees and the amortization at the end of 2012 as follows.
Jan. 1 Patents 180,000

Cash 180,000
Dec. 31 Amortization expense 9,000

Patents 9,000

Recording Goodwill
Illustration: Multi-Diversified, Inc. decides that it needs a parts

division to supplement its existing tractor distributorship. The
president of Multi-Diversified is interested in buying Tractorling
Company. The illustration presents the statement of financial
position of Tractorling Company.
Illustration 12-3
12-22 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

Recording Goodwill
Illustration: Multi-Diversified investigates Tractorling’s underlying

assets to determine their FAIR VALUES.
Illustration 12-4
Tractorling Company decides to accept Multi-Diversified’s offer of

$400,000. What is the value of the goodwill, if any?
Recording Goodwill
Illustration: Determination of Goodwill.

Illustration 12-5

Recording Goodwill
Illustration: Multi-Diversified records this transaction as follows.
Property, Plant, and Equipment 205,000

Patents 18,000
Inventories 122,000
Receivables 35,000
Cash 25,000
Goodwill 50,000
Liabilities 55,000
Cash 400,000

Recording Goodwill
Example: Global Corporation purchased the net assets of Local
Company for $300,000 on December 31, 2012. The balance sheet of
Local Company just prior to acquisition is:
Assets Cost FMV

Cash $ 15,000 $ 15,000
Receivables 10,000 10,000
Inventories 50,000 70,000
Equipment 80,000 130,000
Total $ 155,000 $ 225,000 FMV of Net
Assets =
Liabilities and Equities
$200,000
Accounts payable $ 25,000 $ 25,000
Common stock 100,000
Retained earnings 30,000
Total $ 155,000 $ 25,000

Recording Goodwill
Company for $300,000 on December 31, 2012. The value assigned to
goodwill is determined as follows:
Book Value = $130,000

Revaluation
$70,000
Fair Value = $200,000
Goodwill
$100,000
Purchase Price = $300,000

Recording Goodwill
Company for $300,000 on December 31, 2012. The value assigned to
goodwill is determined as follows:
Calculation of Goodwill:
Cash $ 15,000
Receivables 10,000
Inventories 70,000
Equipment 130,000
Accounts payable (25,000)
FMV of identifiable net assets 200,000
Purchase price 300,000
Goodwill $ 100,000

Recording Goodwill
Company for $300,000 on December 31, 2012. Prepare the journal entry
to record the purchase of the net assets of Local.
Journal entry recorded by Global:

Cash 15,000
Receivables 10,000
Inventory 70,000
Equipment 130,000
Goodwill 100,000
Accounts payable 25,000
Cash 300,000

Goodwill
Goodwill Write-off
 Goodwill considered to have an indefinite life.
 Should not be amortized.
 Only adjust carrying value when goodwill is impaired.
Bargain Purchase
 Purchase price less than the fair value of net assets

acquired.
 Amount is recorded as a gain by the purchaser.

Impairment of Intangible Assets
Impairment of Limited-Life Intangibles

Same as impairment for long-lived assets in Chapter 11.
1. If the sum of the expected future net cash flows is less
than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment has
occurred (recoverability test).
2. The impairment loss is the amount by which the carrying
amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset
(fair value test).
The loss is reported as part of income from continuing
operations, “Other expenses and losses” section.
12-31 LO 7 Explain the accounting issues related to intangible-asset impairments.

E12-14: (Copyright Impairment) Presented below is information
related to copyrights owned by Botticelli Company at December 31,
2012.
Cost $ 8,600,000
Carrying amount 4,300,000
Expected future net cash flows 4,000,000
Fair value 3,200,000
The copyright has a remaining useful life of 10 years.

(a) Prepare the journal entry (if any) to record the impairment of the
asset at December 31, 2012.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record amortization expense for 2013
related to the copyrights.

Recoverability test: If the sum of the expected future net cash flows is less
than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment has occurred.
Expected future cash flow $ 4,000,000 Asset is

Carrying value 4,300,000 Impaired
$ (300,000)
(a) Prepare the journal entry (if any) to record the impairment of the asset at December
31, 2012.
Loss on impairment 1,100,000
Copyrights 1,100,000
Fair value test:

Carrying amount $ 4,300,000
Fair value 3,200,000
Loss on impairment $ (1,100,000)

(b) Prepare the journal entry to record amortization expense for

2013 related to the copyrights.
Amortization expense 320,000

Copyrights 320,000
Carrying amount $ 3,200,000

÷
Useful life 10 years
Amortization per year $ 320,000

Impairment of Indefinite-Life Intangibles Other

than Goodwill
 Should be tested for impairment at least annually.
 Impairment test is a fair value test.
► If the fair value of asset is less than the carrying

amount, an impairment loss is recognized for the
difference.
► Recoverability test is not used.

When an Intangible Assets Impaired ?
Test for an impairment loss whenever circumstances indicate that

an intangible asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable, or at
least once a year. Examples of such instances are:
1. Significant decrease in the asset’s market price

2. Significant adverse change in the asset’s manner of use
3. Significant adverse change in legal factors or the business
climate that could affect the asset’s value
4. Excessive costs incurred to acquire or construct the asset
5. Historical and projected operating or cash flow losses associated
with the asset
6. The asset is more than 50% likely to be sold or otherwise
disposed of significantly before the end of its previously
estimated useful life

Illustration: Arcon Radio purchased a broadcast license for
$2,000,000. Arcon Radio has renewed the license with the FCC
twice, at a minimal cost. Because it expects cash flows to last
indefinitely, Arcon reports the license as an indefinite-life intangible
asset. Recently the FCC decided to auction these licenses to the
highest bidder instead of renewing them. Arcon Radio expects cash
flows for the remaining two years of its existing license. It performs an
impairment test and determines that the fair value of the intangible
asset is $1,500,000.
Illustration 12-7

Impairment of Goodwill
Two Step Process:
Step 1: If fair value is less than the carrying amount of the
net assets (including goodwill), then perform a
second step to determine possible impairment.
Step 2: Determine the fair value of the goodwill (implied

value of goodwill) and compare to carrying amount.

E12-15: (Goodwill Impairment) Presented below is net asset information
related to the Mischa Division of Santana, Inc. as of December 31, 2012
(in millions):
160
Management estimated its future net cash flows from the division to be
$400 million. Management has also received an offer to purchase the
division for $335 million. All identifiable assets’ and liabilities’ book and fair
value amounts are the same.

E12-15 Instructions
(a) Prepare the journal entry (if any) to record the impairment at
December 31, 2012.
Step 1: The fair value Step 2: (in millions)

of the reporting unit is Fair value $ 335
below its carrying Carrying amount, net of goodwill 160
value. Therefore, an Implied goodwill 175
impairment has Carrying value of goodwill 200
occurred. Loss on impairment $ (25)
Loss on impairment 25,000,000

Goodwill 25,000,000

E12-15 Instructions
(b) At December 31, 2011, it is estimated that the division’s fair value
increased to $345 million. Prepare the journal entry (if any) to record
this increase in fair value.
 No entry necessary.
 Adjusted carrying amount of the goodwill is its new accounting
basis.
 Subsequent reversal of recognized impairment losses is not
permitted under SFAS No. 142.

Summary of Impairment Tests

Illustration 12-11

Research and Development Costs
Research and development (R&D) costs are not in

themselves intangible assets.
Frequently results in something that a company patents or

copyrights such as:
 new product,  formula,
 process,  composition, or
 idea,  literary work.
12-43 LO 8 Identify the conceptual issues related to research and development costs.
Companies spend considerable sums on research and

development.
Illustration 12-12
Identifying R & D Activities

Illustration 12-13
Research Activities Examples

Planned search or critical investigation Laboratory research aimed at discovery of
aimed at discovery of new new knowledge; searching for applications of
knowledge. new research findings.
Development Activities Examples

Translation of research findings or other Conceptual formulation and design of
knowledge into a plan or design for a possible product or process alternatives;
new product or process or for a construction of prototypes and
significant improvement to an operation of pilot plants.
existing product or process whether
intended for sale or use.
Accounting for R & D Activities

Costs Associated with R&D Activities:
 Materials, Equipment, and Facilities.
 Personnel.
 Purchased Intangibles.
 Contract Services.
 Indirect Costs.
12-46 LO 9 Describe the accounting for research and development and similar costs.
E12-1: Indicate how items on the list below would generally be
reported in the financial statements.
Item Classification
1. Investment in a subsidiary company. 1. Long-term investments

2. Timberland. 2. PP&E
3. Cost of engineering activity required 3. R&D expense
to advance the design of a product to 4. Prepaid rent
the manufacturing stage.
5. PP&E
4. Lease prepayment.
6. R&D expense
5. Cost of equipment obtained.
6. Cost of searching for applications of
new research findings.
12-47 LO 9
Item Classification
7. Cost incurred in the formation of a 7. Expense

corporation. 8. Operating loss
8. Operating losses incurred in the 9. Expense
start-up of a business.
10. Intangible
9. Training costs incurred in start-up
11. Not recorded
of new operation.
12. R&D expense
10. Purchase cost of a franchise.
11. Goodwill generated internally.
12. Cost of testing in search of product
alternatives.
Item Classification
13. Goodwill acquired in the purchase 13. Intangible

of a business. 14. R&D expense
14. Cost of developing a patent. 15. Intangible
15. Cost of purchasing a patent from 16. Intangible
an inventor.
17. Intangible
16. Legal costs incurred in securing a
patent.
17. Unrecovered costs of a successful
legal suit to protect the patent.
Item Classification
18. Cost of conceptual formulation of 18. R&D expense

possible product alternatives. 19. Intangible
19. Cost of purchasing a copyright. 20. R&D expense
20. Research and development costs. 21. Long-term investment
21. Long-term receivables. 22. Expense
22. Cost of developing a trademark. 23. Intangible
23. Cost of purchasing a trademark.
Costs Similar to R & D Costs

 Start-up costs for a new operation.
 Initial operating losses.
 Advertising costs.
 Computer software costs.
E12-17: Compute the amount to be reported as research and

development expense.
$330,000 / 5 = $66,000
R&D
Expense
Cost of equipment acquired that will have alternative
uses in future R&D projects over the next 5 years. $330,000 $66,000
Materials consumed in R&D projects 59,000 59,000
Consulting fees paid to outsiders for R&D projects 100,000 100,000
Personnel costs of persons involved in R&D projects 128,000 128,000

Indirect costs reasonably allocable to R&D projects 50,000 50,000
Materials purchased for future R&D projects 34,000 0
$403,000
Presentations of Intangibles and Related Items
Presentation of Intangible Assets

Balance Sheet
 Intangible assets shown as a separate item.
 Reporting is similar to the reporting of property, plant, and

equipment.
 Contra accounts may not be shown for intangibles.
 Companies should report as a separate item all intangible

assets other than goodwill.
12-53 LO 10 Indicate the presentation of intangible assets and related items.

4. ATB Dihasilkan Internal - Pengembangan
 Aset tidak berwujud yang timbul dari kegiatan

Pengembangan, diakui jika, dan hanya jika,terpenuhi
semua hal ini:
 Kelayakan teknis penyelesaian
 Niat menyelesaikan dan menggunakan atau
menjualnya
 Kemampuan menggunakan atau menjual
 Kemungkinan besar menghasilkan manfaat
ekonomis masa depan
 Tersedianya sumber daya teknis, keuangan, dan
sumber daya lainnya untuk menyelesaikan dan,
menggunakan atau menjualnya
 Kemampuan mengukur secara andal pengeluaran
terkait aset tersebut
12-54 54
Presentations of Intangibles and Related Items
Presentation of Intangible Assets

Income Statement
 Report amortization expense and impairment losses in
continuing operations.
 Total R&D costs charged to expense must be disclosed.

Presentations of Intangibles
Illustration 12-15

Presentations of R&D Costs
Illustration 12-16

APPENDIX 12A ACCOUNTING FOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE COSTS
Diversity in Practice
Companies can either
 purchase computer software or
 create it.
How should companies account for the costs of developing

software?
Should they expense such costs immediately, or capitalize

and amortize them in the future?
12-58 LO 11 Understand the accounting treatment for computer software costs.

The Profession’s Position

FASB ASC 985-20-05 - Major recommendations of this
pronouncement are:
1. Until a company has established technological

feasibility for a software product, it should charge to
R&D expense the costs incurred in creating the product.
2. Technological feasibility is established when the

company has completed a detailed program design or a
working model.

Accounting for Capitalized Software Costs

If companies are to capitalize software costs, then they must
establish a proper amortization pattern.
As a basis for amortization, one of two amounts is used:

1. the ratio of current revenues to current and anticipated
revenues (the percent-of-revenue approach), or
2. the straight-line method over the remaining useful life of the

asset (straight-line approach).
Must use whichever of those amounts is greater.

Illustration: AT&T has capitalized software costs of $10 million,

and current (first-year) revenues from sales of this product of $4
million. AT&T anticipates earning $16 million in additional future
revenues from this product; it estimates that the product has an
economic life of four years. Under the two approaches, the
calculations are as follows for the first year’s amortization:
Percent-of-revenue approach Straight-line approach

Reporting Software Costs

Companies should report the following information relating to
software.
1. Unamortized software costs.
2. The total amount charged to expense and the amounts, if any,

written down to net realizable value.

Latihan Soal
PT Armada memperoleh teknologi baru yang akan
mengubah proses manufaktur saat ini. Biaya yang
terjadi adalah sebagai berikut:
 Biaya teknologi baru Rp1.000 juta
 Diskon yang diberikan Rp100 juta
 Pelatihan staf untuk proses baru Rp50 juta
 Testing teknologi baru Rp10 juta
 Kerugian operasi awal Rp20juta
Berapa biaya yang dapat dikapitalisir sebagai aset tak

berwujud?
12-63 63
Latihan Soal
Sebuah paten dibeli secara tunai pada tanggal 1 Januari 2005 senilai
Rp200.000.000. Masa legal paten adalah 20 tahun, namun sejalan dengan
perkembangan teknologi yang cepat, perusahaan mengestimasi masa manfaat
paten selama 10 tahun tanpa nilai sisa. Pada tanggal 1 Januari 2011,
perusahaan menurunkan nilai paten menjadi sebesar nilai wajarnya yaitu
Rp50.000.000.
Diminta:
Buat jurnal pada tanggal:
 1 Januari 2005
 31 Desember 2005
 1 Januari 2011
 31 Desember 2011.
Sajikan nilai Paten di Laporan Posisi Keuangan per 31 Desember 2011.
12-64
Pada tanggal 30 Juni 2011, PT Manchester United (MU) membayar Rp1 miliar untuk
mengakuisisi seluruh saham PT Robbie van Persie (RvP), yang selanjutnya menjadi
salah satu divisi MU. Berikut ini ringkasan laporan posisi keuangan RvP (dalam Rp 000):
30-Jun-11 31-Des-12
Accounts Book Value Book Value
Cash 61.830 338.561
Accounts Receivable 85.044 120.000
AFDA (4.256) (8.000)
Inventory 62.156 85.000
Supplies 36.084 70.000
Land 180.000 270.000
Vehicles 150.000 157.500
Accum. Depreciation-- (45.000) (10.500)
Vehicles
Equipment 124.080 148.896
Accum. Depreciation-- (24.816) (49.632)
Equipment
Goodwill - 319.175
Accounts Payable (43.672) (205.000)
Notes Payable (48.000) (36.000)
Nilai wajar (fair value) pada tanggal pembelian disepakati sebagai berikut:
Kas dan liabilitas = nilai buku, Aset lancar, selain kas = 75% dari nilai buku , Aset jangka panjang =
150% dari nilai buku. Terkait dengan pembelian RvP oleh MU pada tanggal 30 Juni 2011.
Pertanyaan:
1. Hitunglah jumlah goodwill dari transaksi pembelian RvP. (10%)
2. Buatlah jurnal transaksi pembelian RvP dari sisi MU. (5%)
12-65
Latihan soal Lanjutan
Perhatikan nilai buku RvP pada tanggal 31 Desember 2012. Goodwill
tidak mengalami perubahan nilai buku sejak awal pembelian.
 Hitunglah kerugian penurunan nilai (impairment loss) RvP jika jumlah

terpulihkan (recoverable amount) pada tanggal 31 Desember 2012 adalah
Rp500 juta. Buat jurnal yang diperlukan. (5%)
 Asumsikan jumlah terpulihkan (recoverable amount) RvP pada tanggal 31
Desember 2012 adalah Rp1,5 miliar dan bukannya Rp500 juta. Buat jurnal
impairment loss yang diperlukan. (5%)
12-66
RELEVANT FACTS
 Like GAAP, under IFRS intangible assets (1) lack physical
substance and (2) are not financial instruments. In addition, under
IFRS an intangible asset is identifiable. To be identifiable, an
intangible asset must either be separable from the company (can be
sold or transferred) or it arises from a contractual or legal right from
which economic benefits will flow to the company. Fair value is used
as the measurement basis for intangible assets under IFRS, if it is
more clearly evident.
 As in GAAP, under IFRS the costs associated with research and
development are segregated into the two components. Costs in the
research phase are always expensed under both IFRS and GAAP.
Under IFRS, costs in the development phase are capitalized once
technological feasibility is achieved.
12-67
RELEVANT FACTS
 IFRS permits revaluation on limited-life intangible assets.
Revaluations are not permitted for goodwill and other indefinite-life
intangible assets.
 IFRS permits some capitalization of internally generated intangible
assets (e.g., brand value) if it is probable there will be a future
benefit and the amount can be reliably measured.
 IFRS requires an impairment test at each reporting date for long-
lived assets and intangibles and records an impairment if the asset’s
carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable
amount is the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its
value-in-use. Value-in-use is the future cash flows to be derived from
the particular assets, discounted to present value.
12-68
RELEVANT FACTS
 IFRS allows reversal of impairment losses when there has been a
change in economic conditions or in the expected use of limited-life
intangibles. IFRS and GAAP are similar in the accounting for
impairments of assets held for disposal.
 IFRS and GAAP are very similar for intangibles acquired in a
business combination. That is, companies recognize an intangible
asset separately from goodwill if the intangible represents
contractual or legal rights or is capable of being separated or divided
and sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged. In addition,
under both GAAP and IFRS, companies recognize acquired in-
process research and development (IPR&D) as a separate
intangible asset if it meets the definition of an intangible asset and its
fair value can be measured reliably.
12-69
IFRS SELF-TEST QUESTION
Research and development costs are:
a. expensed under GAAP.
b. expensed under IFRS.
c. expensed under both GAAP and IFRS.
d. None of the above.
12-70
A loss on impairment of an intangible asset under IFRS is the asset’s:
a. carrying amount less the expected future net cash flows.
b. carrying amount less its recoverable amount.
c. recoverable amount less the expected future net cash flows.
d. book value less its fair value.
12-71
Recovery of impairment is recognized for all the following except:
a. patent held for sale.
b. patent held for use.
c. trademark.
d. goodwill.
12-72

Intangible Assets &amp; Impairments of Assets

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Intangible Assets &amp; Impairments of Assets

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12 Intangible Assets

Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield

Research and Presentation of

Characteristics Marketing- Limited-life Identifying Intangible

Kita akan konsentrasi di PSAK 19 dan 22

12-5 LO 1 Describe the characteristics of intangible assets.

Internally Created Intangibles:

12-7 LO 3 Explain the procedure for amortizing intangible assets.

10 Years Own estimation Life creator+ 70 Years

12-9 LO 4 Describe the types of intangible assets.

Over agreed life Exclusive rights 20 Years or own In-definite life.

Same as PSAK16 Fixed Assets

 Pengukuran setelah pengakuan awal aset tak berwujud didasarkan

Terbatas atau Tak Terbatas

Jangka waktu atau – Berdasarkan analisis seluruh faktor

Diamortisasi Tidak Diamortisasi

Masa  Dimulai ketika aset tersedia untuk

Dr. Beban Amortisasi xxx

 Nilai residu direview setiap

 Tidak diamortisasi  impairment test setiap

 Dihentikan pengakuannya ketika:

Illustration: Green Market Inc. acquires the customer list of a

Jan. 1 Customer List 6,000,000

Dec. 31 Amortization expense 2,000,000

Illustration: Harcott Co. incurs $180,000 in legal costs on January

Jan. 1 Patents 180,000

Dec. 31 Amortization expense 9,000

12-21 LO 4 Describe the types of intangible assets.

Illustration: Multi-Diversified, Inc. decides that it needs a parts

12-22 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

Illustration: Multi-Diversified investigates Tractorling’s underlying

Tractorling Company decides to accept Multi-Diversified’s offer of

Illustration: Determination of Goodwill.

12-24 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

Illustration: Multi-Diversified records this transaction as follows.

Property, Plant, and Equipment 205,000

12-25 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

Assets Cost FMV

12-26 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

Book Value = $130,000

12-27 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

12-28 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

Journal entry recorded by Global:

12-29 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

 Purchase price less than the fair value of net assets

12-30 LO 6 Describe the accounting procedures for recording goodwill.

Impairment of Limited-Life Intangibles

12-31 LO 7 Explain the accounting issues related to intangible-asset impairments.

The copyright has a remaining useful life of 10 years.

12-32 LO 7 Explain the accounting issues related to intangible-asset impairments.

Expected future cash flow $ 4,000,000 Asset is

Fair value test:

12-33 LO 7 Explain the accounting issues related to intangible-asset impairments.

(b) Prepare the journal entry to record amortization expense for

Amortization expense 320,000

Carrying amount $ 3,200,000

12-34 LO 7 Explain the accounting issues related to intangible-asset impairments.

Impairment of Indefinite-Life Intangibles Other

 Impairment test is a fair value test.

► If the fair value of asset is less than the carrying

► Recoverability test is not used.

12-35 LO 7 Explain the accounting issues related to intangible-asset impairments.

Test for an impairment loss whenever circumstances indicate that

1. Significant decrease in the asset’s market price

Intangible Assets & Impairments of Assets

Intangible Assets & Impairments of Assets