TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CENTER Banaba, Guinsay, Danao City S.Y. 2016 – 2017
Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) and Madre de Cacao
(Gliricidia sepium) Extract as an Alternative Ovicide Against Mosquito Eggs
A Science Investigatory Project
Mave Jhoed Castro
Margaritta Hermoso Kaye Capin Pia Dave Novabos Researchers Nenianeth J. Barriga Research Adviser Introduction Insects are the most successful animal on earth, and their ability to fly is a large contributor to this fact. Flying allows them to travel great distances in relatively short time intervals. Finding food, mates and favorable habitats as well as avoiding predation are some advantages of flying. This may sound easy to describe how insects fly; however, it’s not really easy at all but one of the most considered as dangerous creatures on the planet are the mosquitoes because of its ability to spread deadly diseases. Mosquitoes cause more human suffering than any other organism. Over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. Not only can mosquitoes carry diseases that afflict humans, it also transmits several diseases and parasites that dogs and horses are very susceptible to. These include dog heartworm, West Nile Virus (WNV) and Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). In addition, mosquito bites can cause severe skin irritation through an allergic reaction to the mosquito's saliva. This is what causes the red bump and itching. Mosquito vectored diseases include protozoan diseases like malaria, filarial diseases, dog heartworm, viruses, dengue, encephalitis and yellow fever. To prevent proliferation of mosquito borne diseases and to improve quality of environment and public health, mosquito control is essential. The major tool in mosquito control operation is the application of synthetic insecticides such as organochlorine and organophosphate compounds. But this has not been very successful due to human, technical, operational, ecological, and economic factors. In recent years, the use of many former synthetic insecticides in mosquito control programme has been limited, due to lack of novel insecticides, high cost of synthetic insecticides, concern for environmental sustainability, harmful effect on human health, and other non-target populations, their non-biodegradable nature, higher rate of biological magnification through ecosystem, and increasing insecticide resistance on a global scale. The researchers conducted the study to look for an alternative approaches ranging from provision of or promoting the adoption of effective and transparent mosquito management strategies that is environmental-friendly, least-toxic larval control. The plants that will be use are Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) and Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) since the whole body contains phytochemicals that will act as mosquito toxins. It has no ill-effects on non-target organismsand has chemical factors and metabolites of value in pest control. Makahiya (Mimosa Pudica) plant has been an agricultural problem in the Philippines. It is a diffusely spreading, half-woody herb, sparingly prickly with numerous deflexed, bristly hairs. The leaves are very sensitive, both pinnae and leaflets, folding when touched. It is considered as expectorant, anti- asthmatic. analgesic, antispasmodic, sedative and antidepressant. While Madre de Cacao (Glicidiasepium) is a tree that is planted along the side of fields, and the trunksare used as fence posts. There are many compounds in Madre de Cacao, and the most researched is Tannin which is pesticidal in nature. Studies have found out also that Madre de Cacao plant are good source of coumarins, a toxic substance that can kill almost all types of pests and insects. Thus, the study is pursued. Objectives of the Study
This study aimed to produce the
extract as an alternative ovicide for mosquito eggs from Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) and Madre de Cacao (Glicidia sepium) plant. This study is conducted with the following objectives: 1. To find out whether makahiya and madre de cacao plant is effective in producing the extract as an alternative ovicide for mosquito eggs. 2. To find out whether the factors (makahiya plant, distilled water, madre de cacao plant) will be effective in producing the extract. 3. To find out the different amount of variables (makahiya plant, distilled water, madre de cacao plant) will be effective in producing the extract. Statement of the Problem Main Problem: Is Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) and Madre de Cacao (Glicidia sepium) plant effective in producing the extract as an alternative ovicide for mosquito eggs with the factors (makahiya plant, distilled water, madre de cacao plant)? Specific Problem 1. Is there a significant difference in the time it takes to ovicide the mosquito eggs obtained from the different amounts of makahiya plant (in grams) with 100 mL of distilled water and 500 grams of madre de cacao plant? a. 500 grams of makahiya plant; b. 600 grams of makahiya plant; and c. 700 grams of makahiya plant. 2. Is there a significant difference in the time it takes to ovicide the mosquito eggs obtained from the different amounts of distilled water (in milliliter) with 500 grams of makahiya plant and madre de cacao plant?
a. 100 mL of distilled water;
b. 200 mL of distilled water; and c. 200 mL of distilled water. 3. Is there a significant difference in the time it takes to ovicide the mosquito eggs obtained from the different amounts of madre de cacaco plant (in grams) with 100 mL of distilled water and 500 grams of makahiya plant? a. 500 grams of madre de cacao plant; b. 600 grams of madre de cacao plant; and c. 700 grams of madre de cacao plant. Statement of Hypothesis HO1. There is no significant difference in the time it takes to ovicide the mosquito eggs obtained from the different amounts of makahiya plant (in grams) with 100 mL of distilled water and 500 grams of madre de cacao plant? a. 500 grams of makahiya plant; b. 600 grams of makahiya plant; and c. 700 grams of makahiya plant. HO2. There is no significant difference in the time it takes to ovicide the mosquito eggs obtained from the different amounts of distilled water (in milliliter) with 500 grams of makahiya plant and madre de cacao plant?
a. 100 mL of distilled water;
b. 200 mL of distilled water; and c. 200 mL of distilled water. HO3. There is no significant difference in the time it takes to ovicide the mosquito eggs obtained from the different amounts of madre de cacaco plant (in grams) with 100 mL of distilled water and 500 grams of makahiya plant? a. 500 grams of madre de cacao plant; b. 600 grams of madre de cacao plant; and c. 700 grams of madre de cacao plant. Significance of the Problem Environment- The environment will greatly benefit from this study mainly because major environmental issues such as mosquito rampant is treated using its natural resources which are innovated and used because of its creative and economical approach in treating the said problem by using makahiya and madre di cacao which are present in the environment. Man – Through this study, it will help lessen the presence of mosquito in the environment. Man can avoid having mosquito causing diseases and will have a safer environment. Thus, a big aid in maintaining one’s good health. Government – The government will greatly benefit as this is a good solution to the rising issue of mosquito rampant and dengue issues in the world. DENR- This discovery in the field of science will help in the DENR’s endeavor in treating mosquito rampant through the utilization of Makahiya plant and Madre de cacao plant in producing alternative extract as an ovicide. Also, with the use of the said material, the agency will spare less expense. Future Researchers- The future generation will benefit in having the knowledge that Makahiya plant and Madre de cacao plant can be used an alternative ovicide for this can lead to many other studies in the future that will not only help man but also the environment. Scopes and Limitation Ovicide is an agent to kill eggs like mosquito eggs. The researchers were able to conduct an experiment about on extracting makahiya plant (Mimosa pudica) and madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium) plant to produce a mosquito ovicide. However, the researchers are limit only on the effect of makahiya (Mimosa pudica) plant and madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium) plant extract. This is to determine the effect of ovicide on death rates eggs of mosquito. The researchers used the whole part of makahiya (Mimosa pudica) plant and the leaves of madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium) plant. The researchers used a specific amount in each variable to make the solution concentrated. According to researches, the more concentrated a solution is, the more ovicide extract will be produce. Definition of Terms Coumarins - a fragrant organic chemical compound in the benzopyrone chemical class, which is a colorless crystalline substance in its standard state. Mosquito - are small, midge-like flies that constitute the family Culicidae. Mosquito-borne diseases - those spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Organochlorine - any of a large group of pesticides and other synthetic organic compounds with chlorinated aromatic molecules. Organophosphate compounds - compounds containing phosphorus and are primarily used in pest control as an alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that persist in the environment. Ovicide - an agent that kills eggs; especially: an insecticide effective against the egg stage. Phytochemicals - non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties. Tannin - any of a group of pale-yellow to light-brown amorphous substances in the form of powder, flakes, or a spongy mass, widely distributed in plants.