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RAMON M. DURANO SR.

FOUNDATION – SCIENCE AND


TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CENTER
Banaba, Guinsay, Danao City
S.Y. 2016 – 2017

Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) and Madre de Cacao


(Gliricidia sepium) Extract as an Alternative
Ovicide Against Mosquito Eggs

A Science Investigatory Project

Mave Jhoed Castro


Margaritta Hermoso
Kaye Capin
Pia Dave Novabos
Researchers
Nenianeth J. Barriga
Research Adviser
Introduction
Insects are the most successful animal
on earth, and their ability to fly is a large
contributor to this fact. Flying allows them to travel
great distances in relatively short time intervals.
Finding food, mates and favorable habitats as well
as avoiding predation are some advantages of
flying. This may sound easy to describe how
insects fly; however, it’s not really easy at all but
one of the most considered as dangerous
creatures on the planet are the mosquitoes
because of its ability to spread deadly diseases.
Mosquitoes cause more human
suffering than any other organism. Over one
million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne
diseases every year. Not only can mosquitoes
carry diseases that afflict humans, it also
transmits several diseases and parasites that
dogs and horses are very susceptible to. These
include dog heartworm, West Nile Virus (WNV)
and Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). In
addition, mosquito bites can cause severe skin
irritation through an allergic reaction to the
mosquito's saliva. This is what causes the red
bump and itching. Mosquito vectored diseases
include protozoan diseases like malaria, filarial
diseases, dog heartworm, viruses, dengue,
encephalitis and yellow fever.
To prevent proliferation of mosquito
borne diseases and to improve quality of
environment and public health, mosquito control
is essential. The major tool in mosquito control
operation is the application of synthetic
insecticides such as organochlorine and
organophosphate compounds. But this has not
been very successful due to human, technical,
operational, ecological, and economic factors. In
recent years, the use of many former synthetic
insecticides in mosquito control programme has
been limited, due to lack of novel insecticides,
high cost of synthetic insecticides, concern for
environmental sustainability, harmful effect on
human health, and other non-target populations,
their non-biodegradable nature, higher rate of
biological magnification through ecosystem, and
increasing insecticide resistance on a global
scale.
The researchers conducted the
study to look for an alternative approaches
ranging from provision of or promoting the
adoption of effective and transparent
mosquito management strategies that is
environmental-friendly, least-toxic larval
control. The plants that will be use are
Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) and Madre de
Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) since the whole
body contains phytochemicals that will act
as mosquito toxins. It has no ill-effects on
non-target organismsand has chemical
factors and metabolites of value in pest
control.
Makahiya (Mimosa Pudica) plant has
been an agricultural problem in the Philippines. It
is a diffusely spreading, half-woody herb,
sparingly prickly with numerous deflexed, bristly
hairs. The leaves are very sensitive, both pinnae
and leaflets, folding when touched. It is
considered as expectorant, anti-
asthmatic. analgesic, antispasmodic, sedative
and antidepressant. While Madre de Cacao
(Glicidiasepium) is a tree that is planted along the
side of fields, and the trunksare used as fence
posts. There are many compounds in Madre de
Cacao, and the most researched is Tannin which
is pesticidal in nature. Studies have found out
also that Madre de Cacao plant are good source
of coumarins, a toxic substance that can kill
almost all types of pests and insects. Thus, the
study is pursued.
Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to produce the


extract as an alternative ovicide for
mosquito eggs from Makahiya (Mimosa
pudica) and Madre de Cacao (Glicidia
sepium) plant. This study is conducted
with the following objectives:
1. To find out whether makahiya and madre
de cacao plant is effective in producing the
extract as an alternative ovicide for
mosquito eggs.
2. To find out whether the factors (makahiya
plant, distilled water, madre de cacao
plant) will be effective in producing the
extract.
3. To find out the different amount of
variables (makahiya plant, distilled water,
madre de cacao plant) will be effective in
producing the extract.
Statement of the Problem
Main Problem:
Is Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) and
Madre de Cacao (Glicidia sepium)
plant effective in producing the extract
as an alternative ovicide for mosquito
eggs with the factors (makahiya plant,
distilled water, madre de cacao plant)?
Specific Problem
1. Is there a significant difference in the
time it takes to ovicide the mosquito
eggs obtained from the different
amounts of makahiya plant (in
grams) with 100 mL of distilled water
and 500 grams of madre de cacao
plant?
a. 500 grams of makahiya plant;
b. 600 grams of makahiya plant; and
c. 700 grams of makahiya plant.
2. Is there a significant difference in the
time it takes to ovicide the mosquito
eggs obtained from the different
amounts of distilled water (in
milliliter) with 500 grams of makahiya
plant and madre de cacao plant?

a. 100 mL of distilled water;


b. 200 mL of distilled water; and
c. 200 mL of distilled water.
3. Is there a significant difference in the
time it takes to ovicide the mosquito
eggs obtained from the different
amounts of madre de cacaco plant
(in grams) with 100 mL of distilled
water and 500 grams of makahiya
plant?
a. 500 grams of madre de cacao plant;
b. 600 grams of madre de cacao plant; and
c. 700 grams of madre de cacao plant.
Statement of Hypothesis
HO1. There is no significant difference in
the time it takes to ovicide the
mosquito eggs obtained from the
different amounts of makahiya plant
(in grams) with 100 mL of distilled
water and 500 grams of madre de
cacao plant?
a. 500 grams of makahiya plant;
b. 600 grams of makahiya plant; and
c. 700 grams of makahiya plant.
HO2. There is no significant difference in
the time it takes to ovicide the
mosquito eggs obtained from the
different amounts of distilled water (in
milliliter) with 500 grams of makahiya
plant and madre de cacao plant?

a. 100 mL of distilled water;


b. 200 mL of distilled water; and
c. 200 mL of distilled water.
HO3. There is no significant difference in
the time it takes to ovicide the
mosquito eggs obtained from the
different amounts of madre de
cacaco plant (in grams) with 100 mL
of distilled water and 500 grams of
makahiya plant?
a. 500 grams of madre de cacao plant;
b. 600 grams of madre de cacao plant; and
c. 700 grams of madre de cacao plant.
Significance of the Problem
 Environment- The environment will
greatly benefit from this study mainly
because major environmental issues
such as mosquito rampant is treated
using its natural resources which are
innovated and used because of its
creative and economical approach in
treating the said problem by using
makahiya and madre di cacao which
are present in the environment.
 Man – Through this study, it will help
lessen the presence of mosquito in the
environment. Man can avoid having
mosquito causing diseases and will
have a safer environment. Thus, a big
aid in maintaining one’s good health.
 Government – The government will
greatly benefit as this is a good
solution to the rising issue of mosquito
rampant and dengue issues in the
world.
 DENR- This discovery in the field of
science will help in the DENR’s endeavor
in treating mosquito rampant through the
utilization of Makahiya plant and Madre
de cacao plant in producing alternative
extract as an ovicide. Also, with the use
of the said material, the agency will
spare less expense.
 Future Researchers- The future
generation will benefit in having the
knowledge that Makahiya plant and
Madre de cacao plant can be used an
alternative ovicide for this can lead to
many other studies in the future that will
not only help man but also the
environment.
Scopes and Limitation
Ovicide is an agent to kill eggs like mosquito
eggs. The researchers were able to conduct an
experiment about on extracting makahiya plant
(Mimosa pudica) and madre de cacao (Gliricidia
sepium) plant to produce a mosquito ovicide.
However, the researchers are limit only on the effect
of makahiya (Mimosa pudica) plant and madre de
cacao (Gliricidia sepium) plant extract. This is to
determine the effect of ovicide on death rates eggs of
mosquito. The researchers used the whole part of
makahiya (Mimosa pudica) plant and the leaves of
madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium) plant.
The researchers used a specific amount in each
variable to make the solution concentrated. According
to researches, the more concentrated a solution is,
the more ovicide extract will be produce.
Definition of Terms
Coumarins - a fragrant organic chemical
compound in the benzopyrone chemical
class, which is a colorless crystalline
substance in its standard state.
Mosquito - are small, midge-like flies that
constitute the family Culicidae.
Mosquito-borne diseases - those spread by
the bite of an infected mosquito.
Organochlorine - any of a large group of
pesticides and other synthetic organic
compounds with chlorinated aromatic
molecules.
Organophosphate compounds -
compounds containing phosphorus and are
primarily used in pest control as an
alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that
persist in the environment.
Ovicide - an agent that kills eggs; especially:
an insecticide effective against the egg
stage.
Phytochemicals - non-nutritive plant
chemicals that have protective or disease
preventive properties.
Tannin - any of a group of pale-yellow to
light-brown amorphous substances in the
form of powder, flakes, or a spongy mass,
widely distributed in plants.

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