PRACTICAL RESEARCH I

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

After this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Widen your vocabulary
2. Express your worldviews using newly learned words
3. Explain
how qualitative studies take place in other areas of
knowledge
4. Differentiate
hard sciences from soft sciences concerning
research studies
5. Specify
the data collecting technique for a certain area of
knowledge
MAKING WORDS MEANINGFUL

INDIVIDUAL WORK
Using the other words in the cluster as clues, give the
meaning of the underlined word in each set:
1. Granted, yielded, given, imparted
2. Real, true, certain, actual
3. Ethical, decent, moral, righteous
4. Essential, basic, necessary, indispensable
5. Dichotomy, opposition, separation, division
6. Mutual, symbiotic, reciprocal, complementary
7. Believed, derived, concluded, deduced
 USING NEWLY LEARNED WORDS

Do the KIM (Key, Information, Memory). Complete the

following grid with ideas or pieces of information indicated by
the headings.
KEY TERMS INFORMATION/MEANING MEMORY CLUES (Sentences
expressing your experience about
the key term)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
STIRRING UP IMAGINATION

What course would you like to take after

finishing high school? Are you interested in
becoming a businessman, an engineer, a nurse, a
lawyer, a doctor, a teacher, or other professions?
How do you think is research done in these areas
of discipline?
DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS

How similar are your guesses to what the

following reading material presents about
research?

Read to discover more about research in

different fields of knowledge?
DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS

RESEARCH IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE

Subject Area Approaches
Belonging to a certain area of discipline, you
have the option to choose one from these three
basic research approaches:
 Positive or scientific approach
 Naturalistic
 Triangulation or mixed method
DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS
Scientific Approach
-gives stress to measurable and observable
facts
-can be used under hard sciences or STEM
(Science, Technology, Engineering, Medicine)
and natural sciences (Biology, Physics,
Chemistry)
-allows control of variables or factors affecting
the study (Laursen 2010)
DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS
Scientific Approach
- To become positivist or scientific, you must
collect data in controlled ways through
questionnaires or structured interviews.
- Expressed in measurable ways, these types
of data are called quantitative data.
DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS
Naturalistic Approach
- People-oriented
- Data collected represent personal views,
attitudes, thoughts, emotions, and other
subjective traits of people in natural setting.
- Collecting data is done in family homes,
playground, workplaces or schools.
- Focuses on discovering the real concept or
meaning behind people’s lifestyles and social
relations.
DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS
Naturalistic Approach
- Present things qualitatively through verbal
language (qualitative data)
- Social sciences, which to other exists as soft
sciences (Anthropology, Business, Education,
Economics, Law, Politics, and all subjects aligned
with business and all those focused on helping
professions such as Nursing, Counselling, Physical
Therapy, and like; Babbie 2013)
 DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS
Naturalistic Approach
- To collect data from people situated in natural setting,
social researchers use unstructured interviews and
participant observations.
- These two data gathering techniques yield opinionated
data through the use of open-ended questions and
actual participation of the researcher in the subject’s
activities.
- Collecting data through these subjective-prone
research methods indispensably results in the
gathering of qualitative data.
 DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS

All in all, from a social science researcher’s

viewpoint, these qualitative data resulting from
naturalistic approach of research serves as the
basis for determining universal social values to
define ethical or unethical behavior that
society ought to know, not only for the benefit
of every individual and community but also for
the satisfaction of man’s quest for knowledge.
(Sarantakos 2013; Ransome 2013)
 DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS

In the field of Humanities, man’s social

life is also subjected to research studies.
However, researchers in this area give
emphasis not to man’s life, but to the study
of the meanings, significance, and
visualizations of human experiences in the
fields of Fine Arts, Literature, Music,
Drama, Dance, and other artistically
inclined subjects.
 DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS

Researches in these subjects happen in

any of the following humanistic categories:
1. Literature and Art Criticism – depend
greatly on their interpretative and
reflective thinking in evaluating the
object of their study critically.
 DISCOVERING MORE CONCEPTS

2. Philosophical Research – focus of inquiry

is on knowledge and principles of being
and on the manner human beings
conduct themselves on earth.
3. Historical Research – investigation
centers on events and ideas that took
place in man’s life at a particular period.
 HARD SCIENCES VS. SOFT SCIENCES

A quantitative or qualitative research is

not exclusive to hard sciences pr soft
sciences. These 2 can go together in
research approach called triangulation or
mixed method approach. It allows a
combination or a mixture of research
designs, data collection, and data analysis
techniques.
 HARD SCIENCES VS. SOFT SCIENCES

There is no such thing as clear

dichotomy between qualitative and
quantitative research methods because
some authorities on research claim that a
symbiotic relationship, in which they
reinforce or strengthen each other, exists
between these 2 research methods.
 HARD SCIENCES VS. SOFT SCIENCES

Any form of knowledge, factual or

opinionated, and any statistical or verbal
expression of this knowledge are deduced
from human experience that by nature is
subjective. (Hollway 2013; Letherby 2013).
 EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

THINK OF THE CORRECT EXPRESSION TO

COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.
1. Numerical data are true for the
approach.
2. For the naturalistic approach,
is the unit of analysis.
3. The focus of social research is
for the common good.
 EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

THINK OF THE CORRECT EXPRESSION TO

COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.
4. It is the focus of humanistic research:
.
5. Quantitative is to scientific approach,
to naturalistic approach.
6. As a researcher in Humanities studies his
subject with the use of .
 EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

THINK OF THE CORRECT EXPRESSION TO

COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.
7. Playgrounds, classrooms, workplaces
make up the to yield
qualitative data.
8. Laboratory experiments give way to a
way of collecting data.
 EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

THINK OF THE CORRECT EXPRESSION TO

COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.
9. Hard sciences present research in
forms.
10. Subjectivity is to soft sciences;
is to hard sciences.
 EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

Answers:
1. Positive or scientific approach
2. Verbal language/ using words
3. Determining universal social values
4. Study of meanings, significance, and
visualizations of human experiences
5. Qualitative
 EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

Answers:
6. Interpretative and reflective thinking
7. Natural setting
8. Measurable/ quantitative
9. Numerical/statistical forms
10. objectivity